MDPI and/or Feature papers are submitted upon individual invitation or recommendation by the scientific editors and must receive ; Khaleque, A. Therefore, the hierarchy of the metal concentrations was: Pb > Cu > As > Cr > Cd (please see Table 1). The MPI values of 3.65 to 4.70 in the present study were much lower than those of Blackchin tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron and Silver catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus (8.1 to 17.76) from Okrika Estuary, Nigeria. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Rapid Action Battalion Headquarter, Bangladesh for providing necessary fund for heavy metal analyses and instrumental facilities. Pollution Today, the Buriganga river is afflicted by pollution. The natural capital modeling was based on the 2012 IW report and the Irwell management catchment report in 2018. dNC/dt = NCg(t)(Ps + Rs + Cs + Ss) NCd(t). However, Scenario 3 generated a DO value above 6 mg/L and BOD below 6 mg/L over time and will have a positive IW (57.5 billion USD) in 2041. Definition of commercial value in the Definitions.net dictionary. Writing original draft, Affiliation The PCA exhibited two factors PC 1 and PC 2, which resulted in the corresponded variance of 89.18% and 7.75% respectively. Moreover, the rank of the THQs of the elements was as follows: As > Pb > Cr > Cd > Cu. IOSR J. Environ. Generally, a commodity which is typed, written, or printed matter with no commercial value is treated as a document. Although Cd concentration was at the lower level comparing Northeast coast, Ganga River, and Pearl River, it surpassed all the guideline values along with other coastal environments, Meiliang Bay, Iskenderun Bay, Arasalar River and coastal area of Bangladesh. 2011. (2018) suggested using comprehensive metrics for impact assessments of any river restoration program [, Third, this study recommends investment in river restoration programs to ensure the sustainability of the river system. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click The extreme condition test was conducted considering the values of three policy variables: streamflow, waste control, and migration control [, Subsequently, we performed the univariate sensitivity test [. Out of 14 samples, 10 samples varied . The Burigangais a small river of 27 km, which passes through south and west of Dhaka city. The National River Conservation Commission in a report . The current Buriganga River Restoration Project, initiated in 2010, is not sufficient to maintain a standard water level in the future. Water resources of Dhaka city is the most important and is the burning issue in terms of extreme degradation of water quality of the surrounding water bodies. where, CM1 is the concentration value of first concerned metal, CM2 is the concentration value of second concerned metal, CM3 is the concentration of third concerned metal, CMn is the concentration of nth metal (mg/kg dry wt) in the tissue sample of a certain species. ; Blignaut, J.N. A Feature Moreover, certified reference material (CRM 320, Merck KGaA, Germany) was employed for validation and accuracy check [3]. The latest move to lease out foreshore of the . System dynamics simulation model for assessing socio-economic impacts of different levels of environmental flow allocation in the Weihe river basin, China. This is the opposite of no commercial value, a statement that should be shown on invoices covering shipments of samples that are being furnished without charge and are not intended for resale. Selection of optimum pollution load reduction and water quality improvement approaches using scenario-based water quality modeling in little Akaki river, Ethiopia. The study area (Karnaphuli River estuary) is located from 22.234008 N and 91.821105 E to 22.289695 N and 91.794403 E (Fig 1). Dou, B.; Hosseini, Y.; Lee, C.; Rosenberg, C.; Wu, N. The Relationship between Stream Discharge and Dissolved Oxygen Levels at Canyon Creek, and Implications Towards Salmon Performance. Near the bank of the Karnaphuli estuary, such commercial textile industries produce colour pigment and thus become a common contaminant for the aquatic ecosystem [106]. When HI value is higher than 10, the non-carcinogenic risk effect is considered high for exposed consumers [6971]. Scenarios 1 and 2 were not sustainable as they could not maintain standard DO (6 mg/L) and BOD (6 mg/L) values. Collins, R.D. Again, fishes are consumed by human as a major source of protein for many years. 2015. The study area constitutes 162.5-km long Turag-Buriganga River resource system, which lies in the northwestern part of Dhaka, as shown in, Water quality mainly depends on streamflow, pollution control, and waste generation through increased anthropogenic activities. The pH value of all water samples varied from 4.09 to 7.41 (Table 2). Department of Statistics, Cumilla University, Cumilla, Bangladesh, Affiliation Where CSf is oral slope factor of particular carcinogen (mg/kg-day) [74]. here. Human health risk assessment of heavy metals in tropical fish and shellfish collected from the river Buriganga, Bangladesh. Available online: Haque, A.; Sharna, F.K. The maximum metal accumulation was recorded in A. bato. Water pollution in Bangladesh and its impact on public health. To execute hierarchical cluster dendrogram, the Ward-Linkage method was employed with Euclidean distance, which resulted in three distinct clusters, presented in Fig 3. 2020. Cultural services comprise recreation, mental and physical health. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219336.t002. 2020 World Air Quality ReportRegion & City PM2.5. ; Jin, R.; Liu, G.; Liu, W.; Al- Razee, A.; Chen, K.; Cai, M. Status of multielement in water of the river Buriganga, Bangladesh: Aquatic chemistry of metal ions in polluted river water. Wei, S.; Yang, H.; Song, J.; Abbaspour, K.C. Policymakers can apply the model with slight modifications to assess the dynamic impacts of river restoration projects. These costs may include, but need not be limited to, the cost of preparing a research design, conducting field work, carrying out laboratory analysis, and preparing reports as would be nec- essary to realize the information po- tential. This river has become biolog-ically and hydrologically dead. (2) What is a sustainable strategy to maintain standard water? The values lower than RDA guidelines suggested a lower possible health effect of the elements to the consumers. Heavy metal analysis were conducted and funded by Rapid Action Battalion Headquarter, Bangladesh. . Streatfield, P.K. Information and translations of commercial value in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Generally, bioaccumulation and biomagnification occur due to longstanding anthropogenic activities within a coastal ecosystem [8]. Meaning of commercial value. Assessment of land use and land cover dynamics in Shingla river basin using multi temporal satellite imageries. (3) Will the current investment be sustainable for ensuring intergenerational well-being? The quality of the Buriganga river water was found inferior. The value of ratio < 1 implies a non-significant risk effects [62]. Writing review & editing, Affiliation Shimamura, T.; Mizunoya, T. Sustainability prediction model for capital city relocation in Indonesia based on inclusive wealth and system dynamics. Among the species, T. toil showed the maximum response for Pb (R2 = 99.5%), followed by L. parsia for As (R2 = 83.7%). UNU-IHDP (United Nations University International Human Dimensions Programme). Calibration, validation, extreme condition, and sensitivity analysis confirmed the fidelity and reliability of the model. The Buriganga is economically very important to Dhaka. The results of this model indicate that the Buriganga River Restoration Project (only with 160 m, First, this study recommends dynamic impact assessment of river restoration projects. Environmental flow requirement and comparative study of the Turag River, Bangladesh. The records of EDI of the people were compared with recommended daily allowance (RDA), provided by WHO, and introduced that, mean EDI values of the metals were still lower than RDAs. However, an ecosystem is the base of economic development and provides vast benefits (57.5 billion USD). A. bato exhibited the highest bioaccumulation in the studied area. Bangladesh is a flood-prone area as it is situated at the lower part of the Ganges delta. The employed PCA revealed that the source of origin of the metal was anthropogenic. No, Is the Subject Area "Water pollution" applicable to this article? Buriganga River's average depth ranges from 7.6 to 18 m [30]. This study primarily assessed the comprehensive and dynamic impacts of the Turag-Buriganga River Restoration Project on water quality, economy, ecology, and society, considering non-linear, feedback-based interactions among different components of the resource system. Sixth, the DO/BOD ratio for determining water quality for resource growth or decline must be considered instead of just the DO value. The estimated BAFs are depicted in Fig 4. Thenu, L.; Karnaningroem, N. Study of Remu River water quality using dynamic program. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of the contaminants observed in the species were in the following orders: Cu (1971.42) > As (1042.93) > Pb (913.66) > Cr (864.99) > Cd (252.03), and among the specimens, demersal fish, Apocryptes bato appeared to be the most bioaccumulative organism. Evening of Buriganga River, Dhaka, Bangladesh, .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}2338N 9026E / 23.633N 90.433E / 23.633; 90.433. Department of Chemistry, National University, Gazipur, Bangladesh, Roles Provisioning services include fisheries, navigation, irrigation, and water supply. In the consequence, high doses of demersal species were exposed to the consumers through consuming metal affected fish species as the food items. 2022; 14(2):873. A launch sails from Sadarghat on the Buriganga, "Bangladesh river pollution threatens millions", "The river runs black: pollution from Bangladesh's tanneries in pictures", "Pollution control and tannery relocation", "Toxic Tanneries: The Health Repercussions of Bangladesh's Hazaribagh Leather", "Bangladesh's tanneries make the sweatshops look good", "Fast fashion is causing an "environmental emergency", "How Fast Fashion Is Killing Rivers Worldwide", Youtube.com: Time lapse video of the Buriganga River, River bank erosion along the Ganges in Malda and Murshidabad districts, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buriganga_River&oldid=1163224846, Articles containing Bengali-language text, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 3 July 2023, at 16:57. Due to higher concentration level, the maximum MPI value (4.70 mg/kg) was corresponded to A. bato, followed by P. chinensis (4.2 mg/kg) H. limbatus (4.05 mg/kg), T. toli (3.75 mg/kg), M. cephalus (3.69 mg/kg), and L. parsia (3.65 mg/kg). As per cluster analysis, Pb, Cd, and Cu, were grouped together, indicating the local anthropogenic sources. Do the societal benefits of river restoration outweigh their costs? To do this assessment for the Buriganga River, the study area was chosen to find out the water quality parameters such as the pH of water of river Buriganga was shown a variation from 7.4 to 6.8. Water ecosystem services and their value-a case study in Luan River basin, North China. . Kantor, S. The Economic Benefits of the San Joaquin River Restoration. Mandal, N.C. Economy of Bangladesh Today. For example, the model can be used to assess the potential adverse effects (loss in USD) of failing to restore polluted river systems. The findings showed that ecosystem destruction could lead to significant economic losses (78 billion USD) to society. Among the metals, Hg is the most toxic metal in our environment. ; Zhang, C.; Yin, J. Excessive Pb can have detrimental health effect on human [19] including nervous system disorders, mental retardation, skeletal hematopoietic function disorder and even death [20]. Water in the Green Economy in Practice: Towards Rio +20. Financial Express. Available online: Mahmood, S. Air pollution kills 15,000 Bangladeshis each year: The role of public administration and governments integrity. The authors would like to thank the editor and Ivan Taylor for their constructive comments and suggestions, which have improved the quality of the paper significantly. Different fish species of Bangladeshs coastal area have been reported to contain 0.0813 As, 0.070.63 Pb, 0.030.09 Cd, 0.152.2 Cr and 1.314 Cu mg/kg dry weight of muscles [86], which were generally lower than the present findings. World Bank Group. Supporting services comprise carbon sequestration and air purification. Firstly, this DO modeling by Streeter Phelps equation is the most popular method to determine the water quality of a river, where the variation of only two parameters (DO and BOD) are considered [. ; Chung, V.; Morgan, O.A. The identified b value of L. parsia from the length weight relationship was close to 3, hence, it represented isometric growth pattern that was considered as ideal shape (Table 4). Note that the range of policy variables (river flow, migration control, and waste control) should not be less than 160 m. This study developed an SD-IWI model for assessing the sustainability of the Buriganga River Restoration Project. Roles No, Is the Subject Area "Estuaries" applicable to this article? the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, In Proceedings of the 35th Australian Conference of Economists (ACE), Perth, WE, Australia, 2527 September 2006; MacDonald, G., Ed. The Bangladesh government initiated the Buriganga River Restoration Project in 2010 to clean the heavily polluted Turag-Buriganga River. Market value is based on supply and demand and is the price or amount that someone is willing to pay in the market. [116], except for Cr which surpassed the CR limits. A cost-benefit analysis. The <1 THQ values for both adult and children suggested that the adverse effect on human health might not occur. ; Khan, A. Thus, the human body is largely susceptible to enriched heavy metal concentration in fishes [7]. 1996-2023 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. The hierarchy of the measured concentration level (mg/kg) of the metals was as follows: Pb (13.88) > Cu (12.10) > As (4.89) > Cr (3.36) > Cd (0.39). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219336.g002, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219336.t003. However, the metal accumulation in fishes could be highly influenced by sampling locations and habitats [95, 96]. Available online: Macrotrends LLC. Yes The polluted river negatively affected people regarding recreational, mental, and physical well-being. e0219336. dHC/dt = HCd(t)(HPv + PEv + PrEv) HCdr(t), Sterman (2000) presented 12 tests to measure the SD models robustness [, The model calibration was conducted in two steps: checking the correspondence of the model parameters with relevant descriptive and numerical knowledge of the real system and testing the accuracy of historical fit [, In addition to the calibration tests, we carried out extreme condition and sensitivity tests. You seem to have javascript disabled. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. Marks, N.; Abdallah, S.; Simms, A.; Thompson, S. The Happy Planet Index. "Sustainability Assessment Model of the Buriganga River Restoration Project in Bangladesh: A System Dynamics and Inclusive Wealth Study" Sustainability 14, no. The Buriganga river system is located in the southern part of the north-central region of the country, which passing through west and south of Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Available online: Ugbebor, J.N. 2: 873. The waste mostly comes from garment washing and dyeing plants. Available online: Thiry, G.; Roman, P. The Inclusive Wealth Index. Kazi M Maraz, Nanda Karmaker, Farhana Islam, Kazi Mahfuzul Haque, Marjanul Haque, Afrina K Piya, MM Raihan, Mazharul Islam and Ruhul A Khan. Bacteria consume DO to decompose the organic pollutant deposited in the river system. River Pollution; Water Pollution; Buriganga River; Meghna River; Electrical Conductivity; TDS, Copyright 2021 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. Science for a Changing World. The most significant positive correlations were observed between AsPb (r = 0.912), AsCr (r = 0.904), PbCr (r = 0.917), PbCu (r = 0.967), and CdCu (r = 0.911) at p <0.05 level. Available online: Everett, T.; Ishwaran, M.; Ansaloni, G.P. The model has remarkable implications for policymaking and may be applied to other river systems to measure sustainability and guide sustainable investment. This study assessed the dynamic impact of the project on intergenerational well-being and developing a sustainable river system. In the present study, T. toil had the highest concentration of As, whereas A. bato exhibited the maximum concentration for Pb, Cd and Cu, and P. chinensis had the highest concentration of Cr. Nonetheless, further study required ensuring the same conclusions are reached. Accumulation of heavy metals (V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sb, Ba, and Pb) and associated human he Kushiro Wetland Field Trip Guide (SUSTEP Field Trip Report). PLoS ONE 14(10): Transit oriented development (TOD) in Dhaka: Opportunities and challenges for (re)development around Stations. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219336, Editor: Zhenguang Yan, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, CHINA, Received: June 19, 2019; Accepted: September 12, 2019; Published: October 17, 2019. The Daily Star. profound effect on the water quality of the river. Prostatic proliferative lesions, lung cancer, bone fractures, kidney failures are associated with chronic exposure to Cd, even at a low concentration of ~ 1 mg/kg [17, 18]. None of the other metals showed a significant linear relationship with the organisms. INTRODUCTION Buriganga river is a stream In Dhaka division, Bangladesh with the region font code of Asia Pacific. Along with that, condition factor also suggests the food availability and quality, breeding duration, and process for distinct populations [12, 13]. ; Yan, D.H.; Qin, T.L. Yes Morgan, O.A. Its average depth is 7.6 metres (25ft) and its maximum depth is 18 metres (58ft). DoE (Department of Environment). Therefore, this study aimed to fill this knowledge gap by assessing the concentration of heavy metals in some selected fish species and their bioaccumulation status, and the human health risk for local adult and children consumers. This study is the first to explore the sustainability mechanism of the Turag-Buriganga River system and dynamically show resource generation or loss. The DO of all sites were very low, expect for Pagla and Fattula sites which were both downstream locations (Fig. In this study, strong positive correlations were found between Cd and Pb, Cr and Pb, Cr and Cd, and Cr and Cu indicating that they had the same source either natural or anthropogenic. Yes Factors contributing to hypoxia in rivers, lakes, and streams. The Karnaphuli River estuary is one of the potential fish habitats along the southeast coast of Bay of Bengal known to be an important breeding, feeding and nursery ground for many aquatic species. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were calculated as a ratio between the concentration level of biota (those in water) and the living environment of the specimens, and was expressed as follows [4446]: , DO, BOD, COD and Chloride were selected for calculating the Water Quality Index (WQI) of the Buriganga River. This strategy can alleviate water pollution globally and locally and ensure non-declining IW.