How can we make sense of such a varied life? Lincoln is reported to have said, "We can't take all Illinois with us down to Washington" but then "Well, let Hay come". [188] Hay jokingly wrote to sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens that "there is nothing the matter with me except old age, the Senate, and one or two other mortal maladies". [82], In 1884, Hay and Adams commissioned architect Henry Hobson Richardson to construct houses for them on Washington's Lafayette Square; these were completed by 1886. Raisuli supposed Perdicaris to be a wealthy American, and hoped United States pressure would secure his demands. [102], Hay was faster than Reid to realize that the race for these posts would be affected by Hanna's desire to be senator from Ohio, as with one of the state's places about to be occupied by the newly elected Joseph B. Foraker, the only possible seat for him was that held by Senator Sherman. [182], Hay never fully recovered from the death of his son Adelbert, writing in 1904 to his close friend Lizzie Cameron that "the death of our boy made my wife and me old, at once and for the rest of our lives". The rumor spread, and by about a century ago, it . He wrote poetry and experimented with hashish. Mrs. Hay wanted the estate to be set aside " for public use as an inviolate sanctuary for . Imagine using this walk behind mower to mow an acre or more of lawn. Hay was born to Dr. Charley and Helen Leonard Hay. [9] Hay received his Master of Arts degree in 1858, and was, like his grandfather before him, Class Poet. [39] He heard War Secretary Edwin Stanton's declaration, "Now he belongs to the ages. The first HayPauncefote Treaty was sent to the Senate the following month, where it met a cold reception, as the terms forbade the United States from blockading or fortifying the canal, that was to be open to all nations in wartime as in peace. "I think that saving a little child And bringing him to his own, Is a derned sight better business . The Tribune was the leading reform newspaper in New York,[56] and through mail subscriptions, the largest-circulating newspaper in the nation. [71] Nevertheless, Hay attempted to ingratiate himself with the new president by sending him a gold ring with a strand of George Washington's hair, a gesture that Hayes deeply appreciated. He puts the moral element out of this question. This move was followed by a second Hay Open Door circular in the midst of the Boxer Rebellion in China (1900), proposing that all nations cooperate in preserving that countrys territorial and administrative integrity. [64] Although the Hays initially lived in John's New York apartment and later in a townhouse there, they moved in June 1875 to Stone's ornate home on Cleveland's Euclid Avenue, "Millionaire's Row", and a mansion was quickly under construction for the Hays next-door. [225] In 1974, Lincoln scholar Roy P. Basler stated that later biographers such as Carl Sandburg did not "ma[k]e revisions of the essential story told by N.[icolay] & H.[ay]. Diplomatic Career Between 1865 and 1870, he was secretary of legation at Paris (1865-7) and Madrid (1867-8), and charg d'affaires at Vienna (1868-70). John Hay Quotes and Sayings - Page 1. Charles Hay, born in Lexington, Kentucky, hated slavery and moved to the North in the early 1830s. John Hay is the most famous person from Salem, Indiana. Hay co-founded the Cape Cod Museum of Natural History in Brewster, Massachusetts and served as its president from 1955 to 1980. They married there in 1831. Hay's stance endangered his hitherto sterling credentials in the Republican Party. On March 20, 1900, Hay announced that all powers had agreed, and he was not contradicted. [19] When Lincoln was sworn in on March 4, Hay and Nicolay moved into the White House, sharing a shabby bedroom. [167], Seeing that the Americans were likely to build a Nicaragua Canal, the owners of the defunct French company, including Philippe Bunau-Varilla, who still had exclusive rights to the Panama route, lowered their price. to the President", as Hay put it. ), they are best for small lawns. Hay graduated from Illinois State University then Brown University. "[225] Despite his literary accomplishments, Hay "was often lazy. The American position on the boundary dispute was imposed on Canada by a 42 vote, with the one English judge joining the three Americans.[179]. Roosevelt appointed politicians, including Secretary Root and Senator Lodge. Early 1905 saw futility for Hay, as a number of treaties he had negotiated were defeated or amended by the Senateone involving the British dominion of Newfoundland due to Senator Lodge's fears it would harm his fisherman constituents. Greeley died only weeks later, a broken man. He becomes popular for broadway's direction of Minutes. Hay asked for time to consider, but the President did not allow it, announcing to the press two days later that Hay would stay at his post. [23] Similarly, Hay served as what Taliaferro deemed a "White House propagandist," in his columns explaining away losses such as that at First Bull Run in July 1861. The Hay Wain is based on a site near Flatford on the river Stour, in Suffolk, England. He used his fortune to fund ongoing philanthropic. I don't think the time for publication has come, but the time for preparation is slipping away. According to historian Lewis L. Gould, in his account of McKinley's presidency, One of the most entertaining and interesting letter writers who ever ran the State Department, the witty, dapper, and bearded Hay left behind an abundance of documentary evidence on his public career. This legendary hotel is named after John Hay, who served as personal secretary to Abraham Lincoln and Secretary of State under two presidents, and Henry Adams, a Harvard professor and descendant of Presidents John and John Quincy Adams. [211] Farnham, who inherited money, is without much influence in municipal politics, as his ticket is defeated in elections, symbolic of the decreasing influence of America's old-money patricians. You will not arrange for landing marines or seizing customs house without specific direction from the [State] department. It was Hay's job to persuade potential supporters that McKinley was worth backing. [160] The 1850 ClaytonBulwer Treaty (between the United States and Britain) forbade the United States from building a Central American canal that it exclusively controlled, and Hay, from early in his tenure, sought the removal of this restriction. to you; Contraria contrariis The rule is old and true. "[196], In poetry, he sought the revolutionary outcome for other nations that he believed had come to a successful conclusion in the United States. [112] Another issue on which no agreement was reached was that of bimetallism: McKinley had promised silver-leaning Republicans to seek an international agreement varying the price ratio between silver and gold to allow for free coinage of silver, and Hay was instructed to seek British participation. Helen's father, David Leonard, had moved his family west from Assonet, Massachusetts, in 1818, but died en route to Vincennes, Indiana, and Helen relocated to Salem in 1830 to teach school. The John Hay Refuge was established in 1987 when the Service acquired the former summer estate of John Hay, from his daughter-in-law, Alice Hay. [132] Many influential Americans, seeing coastal China being divided into spheres of influence, urged McKinley to join in; still, in his annual message to Congress in December 1898, he stated that as long as Americans were not discriminated against, he saw no need for the United States to become "an actor in the scene". In October 1871, he journeyed to Chicago after the great fire there, interviewing Mrs. O'Leary, whose cow was said to have started the blaze, describing her as "a woman with a lamp [who went] to the barn behind the house, to milk the cow with the crumpled temper, that kicked the lamp, that spilled the kerosene, that fired the straw that burned Chicago". [156] According to Zeitz, "Roosevelt's accidental ascendance to the presidency made John Hay an essential anachronism the wise elder statesman and senior member of the cabinet, he was indispensable to TR, who even today remains the youngest president ever". Major League Baseball Player, Manager. This was not a treaty, and did not require the approval of the Senate. [92] Although before becoming president Roosevelt often wrote fulsome letters of praise to Secretary Hay, his letters to others then and later were less complimentary. [200] Gale deems Castilian Days "a remarkable, if biased, book of essays about Spanish civilization".[201]. Hay is one of the most pivotal figures in American public life. Corrections? [194] In 1865, early in his Paris stay, Hay penned "Sunrise in the Place de la Concorde", a poem attacking Napoleon III for his reinstitution of the monarchy, depicting the Emperor as having been entrusted with the child Democracy by Liberty, and strangling it with his own hands. [183] Gale described Hay in his final years as a "saddened, slowly dying old man". According to Gale, "for a full decade before his appointment in 1897 as ambassador to England, Hay was lazy and uncertain. [133], As Secretary of State, it was Hay's responsibility to put together a workable China policy. His films tap into the sensitives of human emotions and the . Today's models look much different, such as this version 16-inch mower with grass catcher from GreenWorks. He brought with him Clara, their own silver, two carriages, and five horses. [37], Hay did not accompany the Lincolns to Ford's Theatre on the night of April 14, 1865, but remained at the White House, drinking whiskey with Robert Lincoln. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He continued in office under President Theodore Roosevelt following McKinley's assassination in 1901 and served until his death in office on July 1, 1905. [152] He had admired McKinley, describing him as "awfully like Lincoln in many respects"[153] and wrote to a friend, "what a strange and tragic fate it has been of mineto stand by the bier of three of my dearest friends, Lincoln, Garfield, and McKinley, three of the gentlest of men, all risen to be head of the State, and all done to death by assassins". He needed little introduction to Cabinet meetings, and sat at the President's right hand. According to historian Scott Dalrymple, "in response, Hay proceeded to write an indictment of organized labor so scathing, so vehement, that he dared not attach his name to it. Lincoln sent Hay to Ontario with what became known as the Niagara Manifesto: that if the South laid down its arms, freed the slaves, and reentered the Union, it could expect liberal terms on other points. Xue et al. It is a genuine Italian ecclesiastical face of the XVth Century. In collaboration with John G. Nicolay, he was also responsible for two historical works that remained standard for many years: Abraham Lincoln: A History (1890) and Lincolns Complete Works (1894). Another John Hay served as U.S. secretary of state under William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. After Lincoln's death, Hay spent several years at diplomatic posts in Europe, then worked for the New-York Tribune under Horace Greeley and Whitelaw Reid. "Friends are the sunshine of life.". [210], Early in his presidency, Hay and Nicolay requested and received permission from Lincoln to write his biography. [150] He was more cheerful after visiting McKinley, giving a statement to the press, and went to Washington, as Roosevelt and other officials also dispersed. [31], In April 1863, Lincoln sent Hay to the Union-occupied South Carolina coast to report back on the ironclad vessels being used in an attempt to recapture Charleston Harbor. Everyone wanted to know them if only to ask what it had been likewhat he had been like. He joined the staff in October 1870. Hay became nationally prominent with the election of President William McKinley, under whom he served as ambassador to Great Britain (189798) and then secretary of state. [235][236] Although he and his family never lived there (Hay died while it was under construction), the Hay-McKinney House, home to the Cleveland History Center and thousands of artifacts, serves to remind Clevelanders of John Hay's lengthy service. John Hay. 21. Government, Matter, Mendacity. Hay wrote to his brother Charles that the appointment was "entirely unsolicited and unexpected", a statement that Kushner and Sherrill found unconvincing given that Hay had spent hundreds of hours during the war with Secretary of State William H. Seward, who had often discussed personal and political matters with him, and the close relationship between the two men was so well known that office-seekers cultivated Hay as a means of getting to Seward. He'd hold her nozzle agin the bank Hay remained by Lincoln's deathbed through the night[38] and was present when he died. [185], By Roosevelt's inauguration on March 4, 1905, Hay's health was so bad that both his wife and his friend Henry Adams insisted on his going to Europe, where he could rest and get medical treatment. [88] They also spent time at The Fells, their summer residence in Newbury, New Hampshire. [99] In October, after basing himself at his Cleveland home and giving a speech for McKinley, Hay went to Canton at last, writing to Adams, I had been dreading it for a month, thinking it would be like talking in a boiler factory. The hay wain itself is a type of horse-drawn cart which would have been a common piece of agricultural equipment used during the artist's youth. [157], The deaths of his son and of McKinley were not the only griefs Hay suffered in 1901on September 26, John Nicolay died after a long illness, as did Hay's close friend Clarence King on Christmas Eve. When Assistant Secretary of State Frederick W. Seward resigned later that month, Hay was offered his place and accepted, after some hesitancy because he was considering running for Congress. Once Hay returned to the United States in early August, he went to The Fells and watched from afar as Bryan barnstormed the nation in his campaign while McKinley gave speeches from his front porch. [164] The treaty, as amended, was ratified by the Senate in December, but the British would not agree to the changes. "[12], Hay was not a supporter of Lincoln for president until after his nomination in 1860. There was a border dispute between Venezuela and British Guiana, and Cleveland's Secretary of State, Richard Olney, supported the Venezuelan position, announcing the Olney interpretation of the Monroe Doctrine. Former secretary Day wrote to Hay, congratulating him, "moving at the right time and in the right manner, you have secured a diplomatic triumph in the 'open door' in China of the first importance to your country". 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"Poems". [113], Hay had little involvement in the crisis over Cuba that culminated in the SpanishAmerican War. [114] Hay spent much of early 1898 on an extended trip to the Middle East, and did not return to London until the last week of March, by which time the USS Maine had exploded in Havana harbor. [91], Hay was an early supporter of Ohio's William McKinley and worked closely with McKinley's political manager, Cleveland industrialist Mark Hanna. Halsema, James J. E. J. Halsema: Colonial Engineer A Biography. His 1871 poem, "The Prayer of the Romans", recites Italian history up to that time, with the Risorgimento in progress: liberty cannot be truly present until "crosier and crown pass away", when there will be "One freedom, one faith without fetters,/One republic in Italy free! When Nicolay, who had been made Lincoln's private secretary for the campaign, found he needed help with the huge amounts of correspondence, Hay worked full-time for Lincoln for six months. Hay is probably best remembered as the promoter of the Open Door policy, which was designed to counter the trend toward divisive spheres of influence in the Orient. Most likely not: Siegel retired in 2002, and John Hay, the other Urantia Book believer and co-founder, left even earlier, in 1985, pushed out by Siegel's desire to become a big company "like . [58], With his success as an editorial writer, Hay's duties expanded. [145], Hay accompanied McKinley on his nationwide train tour in mid-1901, during which both men visited California and saw the Pacific Ocean for the only times in their lives. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Although the United States did not claim any parts of China, a third of the China trade was carried in American ships, and having an outpost near there was a major factor in deciding to retain the former Spanish colony of the Philippines in the Treaty of Paris. He served as United States Secretary of State under Presidents William McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. "[226] He quotes John St. Loe Strachey, "All that the world saw was a great gentleman and a great statesman doing his work for the State and for the President with perfect taste, perfect good sense, and perfect good humour". In 1901 Hay negotiated with Great Britain the second Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, giving the United States exclusive rights to build a canal across the Isthmus of Panama. The Southerners refused to come to Washington to negotiate. [38], Hay began his part of the writing in 1876;[215] the work was interrupted by illnesses of Hay, Nicolay, or family members,[38] or by Hay's writing of The Bread-Winners. [109] In his Thanksgiving Day address to the American Society in London in 1897, Hay echoed these points, "The great body of people in the United States and England are friends [sharing] that intense respect and reverence for order, liberty, and law which is so profound a sentiment in both countries". His politics must have cost. [159] By the time Hay became Secretary of State, de Lesseps's project in Panama (then a Colombian province) had collapsed, as had an American-run project in Nicaragua. Despite the secretaries' objections, Mrs. Lincoln was generally the victor and managed to save almost 70% of her husband's salary in his four years in office. Hay gained his object (as did Hanna), and shifted his focus to appeasing Reid. [221] The books helped forge the modern view of Lincoln as great war leader, against competing narratives that gave more credit to subordinates such as Seward. The Honorable John Hay, Secretary of State, signing the memorandum of ratification on behalf of the United States Harper's, p. 430. [172] Bunau-Varilla gained meetings with both men, and assured them that a revolution, and a Panamanian government more friendly to a canal, was coming. Hay was among those Hanna called upon to contribute, buying up $3,000 of the debt of over $100,000. In 1899 and 1900, Secretary of State John Hay issued what became known as the Open Door Notes to foreign powers involved in China. [33][34], In July 1864, New York publisher Horace Greeley sent word to Lincoln that there were Southern peace emissaries in Canada. Milton Hay had moved his practice to Springfield, and John became a clerk in his firm, where he could study law.[11]. [96], Hay spent part of the spring and early summer of 1896 in the United Kingdom, and elsewhere in Europe. [137] Hay was in agreement, but feared Senate and popular opposition, and wanted to avoid Senate ratification of a treaty. Love, Friendship, Relationship. c) the Open Door Policy The 1899 statement that established America's right to trade with China without interference from European nations was known as the Open Door Policy. He met with Lord Salisbury in October 1897 and gained assurances Britain would not intervene if the U.S. found it necessary to go to war against Spain. Hay predicted "an insurrection on the Isthmus [of Panama] against that regime of folly and graft at Bogot". By the middle of that month, the Boxers, joined by imperial troops, had cut the railroad between Peking and the coast, killed many missionaries and converts, and besieged the foreign legations. [60] In addition to writing, Hay was signed by the prestigious Boston Lyceum Bureau, whose clients included Mark Twain and Susan B. Anthony, to give lectures on the prospects for democracy in Europe, and on his years in the Lincoln White House. Amasa Stone needed someone to watch over his investments, and wanted Hay to move to Cleveland to fill the post.