How valuing social-image shapes social emotion. Interdependent self-construal is the extent to which people construe the self as being funda-mentally connected to other people. In other words, women define the self with more close relationships, experience more emotional intensity in close relationships, and are more willing to sacrifice for a close other when compared to men. View of the self that emphasises a person's embeddedness in a network of social relationships and downplays their unique traits or accomplishments. The late positive potential (LPP) evoked by unpleasant (vs. neutral) pictures (a marker of emotional arousal) was reduced in the suppress (vs. attend) condition. J Soc Psychol. Independent Construal of Self indicates a completely "self-centered" point of view where a person's behavior and actions are organized completely around their own thoughts and feelings without taking other people's opinions or feelings into consideration. Human nature and the social order. Argyle, M. (1996). An empirical investigation of self-attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(1), 163176. The quality of human existence. Psychological and Neuroscientific Perspectives. Relational aggression, gender, and the developmental process. Finally, when people view the self as interdependent, they take greater pleasure and pride in the accomplishments of close others and groups, and so in some ways, they have more opportunities for happiness than if limited to taking pleasure in individual accomplishments alone. Autobiographical memories retrieved by bicultural Russian-English bilinguals were compared across languages. Diener, E. Horwitz, J., & Emmons, R. A. American Sociological Review, 19, 5876. Los resultados confirman que las culturas asiticas presentan un sistema de regulacin emocional ms fuerte o marcado que los otros grupos culturales estudiados. Evidence for a collective intelligence factor in the performance of human groups. The current study further suggested that interdependent self-construal could mediate the . (1988). Those with an independent self-construal view internal attributes, such as traits, abilities, values, and attitudes as central to their sense of self. Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305. Baumeister, R. F. (1987). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275915. Gardner, W. L., Gabriel, S., & Lee, A. Y. Interestingly, thinking of the self in this independent way has been shown to have a profound influence on both cognition and behavior. Anger suppression, interdependent self-construal, and depression among Asian American and European American college students. The site is secure. Who is this we? Values like belonging, friendship, family safety, and national security take precedence, and interdependent people become significantly less tolerant of others who break social norms or fail to live up to social obligations. Would you like email updates of new search results? Baumeister, R. F., & Leary, M. R. (1995). and transmitted securely. Interestingly, this focus on other peoples dispositions rather than the situation as the cause of their behavior could be simply a social side effect of the more general cognitive processing style of paying attention to individual actors and objects rather then considering their broader context. Having a lively imagination is important to me. Fortunately, the capacity to construe the self as interdependent is not limited by ones cultural upbringing. Interestingly, thinking of the self in this independent way has been shown to have a profound influence on both cognition and behavior. (1997). This would suggest that self-construal influences a person's self-esteem. Gabriel, S., & Gardner, W. L. (1999). These studies were both done in the western world, in . University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada, 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht, Chang, W. (2014). self-construal ~. One of the most interesting discoveries about independent self-construal concerned its impact on overall perception and cognition. They are also more likely to put the good of a relationship partner or social group above their own desires; thus, in many ways it appears that interdependent construal leads to less selfish behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5), 922934. Cultures consequences: International differences in work related values. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Eckersley, R. (1999). Levine, C. S., Miyamoto, Y., Markus, H. R., Rigotti, A., Boylan, J. M., Park, J., & Love, G. D. (2016). Geertz, C. (1973). Interdependent self-construal is highly related to social connectedness, and research has found that people with highly interdependent self-construal are also more likely to participate in prosocial activities (Burton et al., 2012; Seo & Scammon, 2014). Adems, estas sociedades asiticas presentan menos diferencias de gnero. Psychological Science, 16, 429-434. Although people with high interdependent self-construal (SC) are often assumed to be competent in emotion suppression, direct evidence is missing. Magee, J. C., & Galinsky, A. D. (2008). Chang, W. C., Bin Osman, M., Tong, E. M. W., & Tan, D. (2011). Compare independent self construal. 2020 Nov;157:107970. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107970. Thus, to the extent that someone holds a strong and central value for cooperation, making the person think of the self as independent may actually result in cooperative rather than competitive behavior because of the coherence of the behavior with the persons own self-concept. Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore, You can also search for this author in Although no empirical evidence is currently available and there may be some relationship, there are several important theoretical differences that can only be outlined here. 8600 Rockville Pike Cultural psychologist Ted Singelis (1994) developed the 30-item Self-Construal Scale to measure how people view themselves in relation to others. 23, The Australian Institute. Cross, S. E., & Madson, L. (1997). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on Hedonic and Eudaimonic well-being. MH 54540-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States. "Cultural Beliefs and the Organization of Society: A Historical and Theoretical Reflection on Collectivist and Individualist Societies". Cultural neuroscience; Emotion regulation; Interdependence; Late positive potential. Revue Internationale de Psychologie Sociale, 18(1), 35-63. Journal of Business Ethics, 109(4), 447-461. Self-concept: The self as known to the individual or cognitive representation of the individual. I think. Waking up "We" or "I"? Motivation and Personality. Box 1248Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Contact Us, 426 Thompson Street Members of a culture that fosters the development of an interdependent self-construal more than an independent self-construal are more vulnerable to comply in interrogations and thus to be at higher risk for false confessions. ), Thinking through the cultures: Expedition through cultural psychology. Behav Sci (Basel). An Intro to Peptide Therapy (Types + Costs). The interpretation of culture. It is important for me to maintain harmony within my group. These behaviors may not propel individuals as much as do more independent behaviors. PLoS One. Women appear to place greater emphasis on the relational aspects of interdependence, whereas men place greater emphasis on the collective or group-based aspects of interdependence. See also: Independent Construal of Self, Get the word of the day delivered to your inbox, 1998-, AlleyDog.com. Utz, S. (2004). Chicago: Rand-McNully. 2022 Jun;176:73-88. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.03.008. Towards a cross-cultural psychology. Moreover, when individuals are thinking of the self in an independent fashion, they pay more attention to, and more actively pursue, tasks that seem to offer a high likelihood of personal success. Cooley, C. H. (1902). a view of the self ( self-construal) that emphasizes one's embeddedness in a network of social relationships and that downplays one's separateness and unique traits or accomplishments. Speaking up during a class (or a meeting) is not a problem for me. Konrath, S., Bushman, B. J., & Grove, T. (2009). students from 29 nations answered a shortened version of the Singelis scales for Independent- Interdependent self-construal. She completed her degrees at Bogazici University in Istanbul, Turkey (BA), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (MA), and York University, Toronto, Canada (PhD) and held a SSHRC-funded Postdoctoral Fellowship at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor between 2004-06. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). When people are construing or thinking about themselves in an independent way, they are likely to think first and foremost about the personality traits (e.g., I am outgoing), abilities (e.g., I am a great cook), and preferences (e.g., I love the purple jellybeans but hate the green ones) that, in combination, create a profile of the self that is uniquely their own. Relational-interdependent self-construal as a predictor of relationship quality: the mediating roles of one's own behaviors and perceptions of the fulfillment of friendship functions. Online ahead of print. Ryff, C. D. (1989). They were instructed to suppress or attend to their emotions. American Psychologist, 55(1), 8998. (1991). In R. Shweder (Ed. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for this scale was 0.75. I often have the feeling that my relationships with others are more important than my own accomplishments. Psychiatrist vs Psychologist vs Therapist - Comparison. Three studies describe the development and validation of a measure of the relational-interdependent self-construal, which is defined as the tendency to think of oneself in terms of relationships with close others. Paris: The Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. Self: The I as experienced by an individual. Many Asian cultures have distinct conceptions of individuality that insist on the fundamental relatedness of individuals . Masuda, T., & Nisbett, R. E. (2001). Pancultural explanations for life satisfaction: Adding relationship harmony to self-esteem. ), Methodological development and issues I quality of life research. Certain emotions are also more likely to be experienced by those with an interdependent self-construal. Meanwhile, having an interdependent self-construal causes people to act more deliberately, collaboratively, and ethically (Cojuharenco, et al., 2012; Konrath, Bushman, & Grove, 2009; Utz, 2004; Zhang & Shrum, 2008). Interestingly, thinking of the self in this relatively social way has been shown to influence a wide range of values, emotions, and social behavior. Amsterdam: Kluwer. How Start Temporal Landmarks Influence Arousal Product Preferences. Some tests of the distinction between the private self and the collective self. The self represents individuals' understandings of who they are. Research in Organizational Behavior, 23, 43-91. The independent self-construal is characterized by the view of oneself as a unique individual, defined by his or her internal attributes and distinguishing characteristics. Cultural concerns. For example, an interdependent self-construal is very common in Japanese, Korean, and Indian cultures, and it was thought that this might explain why members of these cultures place a higher value on belonging, emphasize social obligations, and are more likely to view the causes of other peoples behavior as rooted in the social situations they faced rather than in terms of being driven by their individual personalities. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 769-776. Culture and Psychology, 7(3), 243338. Cross, S. E., Bacon, P. L., & Morris, M. L. (2000). RESPONSE FORMAT Three studies describe the development and validation of a measure of the relational-interdependent self-construal, which is defined as the tendency to think of oneself in terms of relationships with close others. These construals can influence, and in many cases determine, the very nature of individual experience, including cognition, emotion, and motivation. . 2022 Oct 10;17(10):e0275915. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. I value being in good health above everything. ), Nebraska symposium on motivation 1989 (pp. Americans of both East Asian and European descent were Diener, E., & Suh, E. M. (2000). Rethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analysis. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal It is important to me to respect decisions made by the group. Singelis, T. M. (1994). I should take into consideration my parents advice when making education/career plans. I feel good when I cooperate with others. Ann Arbor, MI 48106, Patterns of Independence and Interdependence in Mediterranean Societies: Comparative and Within-Region Perspectives, The Regents of the University of Michigan. In B. Zamba (Ed. I act the same way no matter who I am with.