My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. You can live as a ghost, waiting for death to come, or you can dance.. Mahmoud, Waleed, and Hana s mother. WebThe MS St. Louis. WebAlan Gratz 61 pages 2 hours read Listen Alan Gratz Refugee Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2017 A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, The motif later arises in the Isabel storyline when Lito, her grandfather, begins repeating it to himself. SPS > The focus groups provided an in-depth understanding of sources of stress, stress mediators, and psychosocial adjustment/adaptational patterns for Khmer refugees who had experienced the Cambodian genocide. President Mahmoud Abbas of the Palestinian Authority made his first visit in years to Jenin, the battle-scarred and impoverished Palestinian city in the north of the Israeli-occupied West Bank that was the target of a two-day raid by the Israeli military last week. Josef: Berlin, Germany1938 Josef: Somewhere on the Atlantic Ocean1939, Isabel: Just outside Havana, Cuba1994 Isabel: The Straits of Florida, Somewhere North of Cuba1994, Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey2015 Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea2015, Josef: Just outside Havana Harbor1939 Josef: Off the American Coast1939, Isabel: Off the Coast of Florida1994 Mahmoud: Berlin, Germany2015. In the book, Refugee, when Josef and his father went to the professor's funeral, what did Josef notice about the passengers' clothing? WebRefugee is more than a story about children fleeing their homelands, it is a story about what unites us all: love, family, and perseverance. Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria2015 Josef: Berlin, Germany1939 Isabel: Havana, Cuba1994 Mahmoud: Aleppo, Syria2015 Josef: On a Train to Hamburg, Germany1939 You can live as a ghost, waiting for death to come, or you can dance.. His books are mostly geared towards young adults. Among Lito's arguments against leaving their homeland is that Isabel won't be able to count clave in the US. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Sorry, this is only a short answer space. Josef celebrates his bar mitzvah a week into his journey on the St. Louis, and views it as his own personal passage into adulthood. Accessibility Statement, Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement, Voices from the Field: Centering Southeast Asian Americans through Policy, Practice, and Activism, 50 Years of Model Minority Stereotype Research. There are many stories of Holocaust victims like Josef and his family, but fewer that recount events that are more recent, such as the war in Syria. 23 What are the symbols in refugee? Popular Questions Browse All Refugee. Mahmoud is choking on the tear gas, his eyes streaming tears. Mahmoud tried not to show his surprise. The family is taken to Lesbos where they find other refugees: Mahmouds mother conducts a frantic search for her daughter Hana, but no one has seen the child. The ship is originally a setting of safety and promise - as it is taking them to a new homeland. Teaching Materials. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. They're only accessible on tablets, laptops, or desktop computers, so check them out on a compatible device. Cooper, James ed. Isabel was listening for the clave underneath the music, the mysterious hidden beat inside Cuban music that everybody seemed to hear except her. Teresa Fernandez Character Analysis in Refugee | LitCharts Germany 1939, 1 day Isabel: Havana, Cuba 1994 Mahmoud: Aleppo symbols, characters, and more. WebBoats Symbol Analysis. The family staggers forward on the next leg of their journey. This character is a teenager living in Syria with his family when they decide to flee from the violence overtaking their neighborhood and community. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Looks like you're viewing this page on a mobile device. Isabel s best friend. Whether you were visible or invisible, it was all about how other people reacted to you. After the refugees on board the MS St. Louis are made to wait for many days in a Cuban harbor, they learn from Officer Padron that the ship is being turned away and the refugees' visas will not be honored. Josef already knows the answer: In unison, he and Josef spoke the answer all the Cuban guards always gave: Maana (202). Josef is a Jewish boy in 1930s Nazi Germany. Consider what the following could symbolize: 1. To secure his safe passage to outer fringes of the Jenin refugee camp, Mr. Abbass security team had to work with the gunmen that dominate the camp. Josef Landau is fleeing Nazi Germany in 1939. Analysis, related quotes, timeline. He and his family leave trying to go to Cuba the only country that would take Jews. He is a boy in Aleppo, Syria in 2015, escaping the civil war taking place there. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. He loves playing with friends, going to school and reading to his little sister. Click the card to flip . WebMahmoud, of Syria, is twelve years old in 2015, as his tale commences. 151 - 181. Mr. Abbass inability to prevent those raids has further dented his popularity among Palestinians, making it even harder for him to assert his authority over the city. WebBy Liane Hicks. Instant PDF downloads. Ultimately, the clave rhythm serves as a symbol of Isabel's Cuban identity, which she does not have to give up during her journey out of the country. Water. Teachers and parents! Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud become courageous young adults due because of their unconditional love for their family; therefore, Gratz demonstrates love can force one to grow even under the worst of circumstances. I would like to say to those near and far: The country is one, and will remain one, he said. Compare the experience of Mahmouds family to one described in a Time Magazine article: - refugee We need help!. Alan Gratz. After school, Mahmoud, Waleed, and their mother, Fatima, do their usual afternoon prayer. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. The Like. What is the yellow star of David What is its purpose? Webto an abandoned shopping mall filled with squatters p.108 SSD. Compare the stories of Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud to others you have read about refugee children. The reader can also only see into the protagonist's minds and not any other characters. Mr. Kingsley and Ms. Yazbek attended President Abbass speech in person and spoke afterward with residents of Jenin. The analysis is based on the responses of three focus groups in the Khmer communities of Lowell, Lynn, and Revere, Massachusetts. WebA summary of Mahmoud (Hungary-2015, 17 days from home) to Mahmoud (Berlin, Germany-2015, Home) in Alan Gratz's Refugee. > In Refugee, what is the climax of Mahmoud's story. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. Gratz therefore implies that the officials should be more understanding of the refugees situation and allow them to pass through without incident, as their only crime is in trying to make new lives for themselves. WebIvn Castillo Character Analysis. Mahmoud told his dad that he wanted to board a boat and go to Italy, where he'd have a chance to go to school. FAQ |
I think its important that libraries be a place where you can find all kinds of books. Log in here. The old taxis exhaust pipe made a sound like a gunshotPOK!and everybody ducked instinctively. Senior aides to Mr. Abbas, including a government minister, were occasionally forced to push back onlookers themselves. For the young Jewish boy Josef, this involves escaping from Germany in the aftermath of Hitler's rise to power. Josef Landau shot straight up in bed, his heart racing. The resolution for Josef, unfortunately, is death after his family fails to make it to Cuba and ends up in Someone asks Padron when they will be allowed to travel to the island. Latest answer posted November 17, 2022 at 1:46:50 AM. SPSOAJ But with Israel now ruled by its most right-wing government in history, prospects of a Palestinian state are more distant than ever. WebThe following version was used to create this guide: Gratz, Alan. Youssef is characterized as a caring father and husband, trying to shepherd his family to safety in Germany. The MS St. Louis is the setting for the bulk of Josefs story, while he and his family are passengers. It appears on synagogues, Jewish tombstones, and the flag of the State of Israel.The symbolwhich historically was not limited to use by Jewsoriginated in We didnt ask for civil war! Water continues to symbolize the despair that Mahmoud and his mother are experiencing. WebRosie Guida 4-8-19 English 7-1 Reading Response Refugee by Alan Gratz In the book Refugee, Mahmoud is most like me because he is caring. His plan proves successful, as the Hungarian police are unwilling to use violence to contain the refugees when the world is watching. Josef: American Coast 1939, 21 days. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. The book is narrated by an unnamed third-person limited-omniscient narrator. WebThe Ocean Could Swallow Him (Metaphor) After leaving Syria, Mahmoud and his family pay a smuggler to take them from Turkey to Greece, but the rubber dinghy capsizes after hitting protruding rocks. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In the book, Refugee, page 17, what happened to Khalid?, In the book, Refugee, page 32, what was the noise that Mahmound heard when he was doing ahis homework, In the book Refugee,, page 45, what was the color the boat Ivan and his father built? The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. London: Scholastic Childrens Books, 2017. When Mahmoud and his family are thrown into the Mediterranean sea on their way to Greece by a storm, Mahmoud makes a quick decision and offers Hana to another passing boat in the hopes that they will take her to safety. Mahmoud sees a Greek Coast Guard ship searching for them and raises a signal. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. JSAAEA P.O.V The P.O.V in Refugee is in 3rd person limited, and I know this because the book uses word like he, she, they, ect. But in recent years, areas of Jenin and other parts of the northern West Bank have become dominated instead by Palestinian militias that reject Mr. Abbass leadership and conduct frequent attacks on Israelis. The longer the refugees stay in the harbor, the more it becomes clear that maana is an empty promise designed to keep the refugees hopeful for at least another day. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. This set of Lesson Plans consists of approximately 177 pages of tests, essay questions, lessons, and other teaching materials. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. The analysis is based on the responses of three focus You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Gratz writes of her difficulty counting the clave. But the good people couldnt help you, either.. WebYoussef Bishara. WebRefugee 9th Lit/Comp Name: _____ ***Be able to explain the significance of the title. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of Refugee and what it means. Around a thousand elite troops from the Palestinian Authority secured the area ahead of Mr. Abbass trip. He is old enough to feel protective for his younger brother, so one fear he has is that he will not succeed in shielding him. Fatima, like her husband Youssef, tries to keep her childrens spirits up and care for Hana as they take their long journey from Syria to Germany. For example on page 63, the text states, "She pulled the engine cord Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. He is the older brother of Ruthie, and the son of Aaron and Rachel Landau. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1752 titles we cover. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Whether you were visible or invisible, it was all about how other people reacted to you. WebIn this picture mahmouds familys house got blown up by a bomb thats when they decided to leave Aleppo Syria. Josef: Berlin, Germany1938 Josef: Somewhere on the Atlantic Ocean1939, Isabel: Just outside Havana, Cuba1994 Isabel: The Straits of Florida, Somewhere North of Cuba1994, Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey2015 Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea2015, Josef: Just outside Havana Harbor1939 Josef: Off the American Coast1939, Isabel: Off the Coast of Florida1994 Mahmoud: Berlin, Germany2015. More books than SparkNotes. Waleed was there too, in the back under a foil thermal blanket, and soon Mahmoud and his mother were out of the water and wrapped in the foil blankets too, what little body heat they still had left reflected back at them. yogurt shop p.109 SSD. He reiterated that the PA is committed to UN Resolution 194 on the refugee The Refugee Theme Wheel is a beautiful super helpful visualization of where the themes occur throughout the text. Alan Gratz 's Refugee is a young-adult novel about three young refugees from different eras: Josef Landau, a German Jew displaced from Nazi Germany; Isabel Fernandez, a Cuban fleeing her starving country in 1994; and Mahmoud Bishara, a Syrian escaping civil war in 2015. The clave comes up again when she is on the boat with her grandfather, who isn't as keen on going to the States as the other refugees. Each floor had a living room and a kitchen just like theirs, all decorated differently." LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme. Refugee. Josef: On the Atlantic Ocean 1939, 14 days. Each wedge of the blue ring represents a chapter. In order to feel safe living in a war zone, Mahmoud finds ways to avoid attracting attention, in school and while walking the streets of Aleppo. Aboard the MS St. Louis, the passengers give a heros welcome to Officer Padronthe policeman who rescued Josefs father from the water. WebA Jewish coming-of-age ceremony that is celebrated when a boy reaches 13 years of age. As a result, the Israeli Army has increased its raids on the city and the wider region, like the one last week that killed at least 12 Palestinians. Josef: Just outside Havana Harbor1939 Josef: Off the American Coast1939. What are the key symbols, motifs, and themes in Refugee? Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. The closer to the blue ring, the closer to the beginning of the chapter. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. His father, who had been arrested during the events of Kristallnacht, was allowed to leave the concentration camp on the condition that he left Germany immediately. They encounter a group of four rebel soldiers, who climb into their vehicle. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Mahmoud was so desperate to make friends and attend school that he risked his life at sea. Mr. Abbas has not held national elections for 17 years, the Palestinian Parliament has not met for more than a decade, and Mr. Abbas now rules by decree. Refugee. A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides that feature detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, quotes, and essay topics. Refine any search. Web10 likes. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Share. Refugee final test. What are the key symbols, motifs, and themes in Refugee? Web06. The resolution for Josef, unfortunately, is death after his family fails to make it to Cuba and ends up in France. GENEVA, 17 April (UNHCR) Mahmoud is just a boy. Still adrift in the Mediterranean Sea, Mahmoud and his mother struggle through the night trying to stay afloat. She wont take up any room!. Mr. Abbass approach is now seen as a failure among the Palestinian public, which largely supports a return to arms, polling shows. Star of David, Hebrew Magen David (Shield of David), Magen also spelled Mogen, Jewish symbol composed of two overlaid equilateral triangles that form a six-pointed star. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in, Injustice and Cruelty vs. WebTwo key symbols in Refugee are boats and water, which contribute to a theme of empathy versus cruelty. WebMahmoud Bishara. (including. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. The way the content is organized. WebThe Castro Sign The sign Rudi Castillo uses in constructing the bottom of his boat, a portrait of Castro with the words Fight Against The Impossible And Win, is a symbol of the Patrick Kingsley is the Jerusalem bureau chief, covering Israel and the occupied territories. Struggling with distance learning? Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey2015 Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Mediterranean Sea2015. As Mahmoud shook the old mans hand, he spotted a small, thin, ornate wooden box attached to the frame just outside the front door. Article 2. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. WebRefugee Imagery. Mahmoud: Izmir, Turkey2015 Mahmoud: Somewhere on the Definitions and examples of 136 He is constantly making jokes, trying to cheer Mahmoud, Waleed, and Fatima up as they encounter obstacle after obstacle along the way. However, at the end of the novel, Isabel performs her own Cuban-influenced salsa rendition of "The Star-Spangled Banner." WebAnalysis. Important Quotes. When Mahmouds father is clubbed by the guards for refusing to cooperate, Mahmoud tries to become invisible: Head down, hoodie up, eyes on the ground. Were refugees!. It is also worth noting that in each of these countries, the police and other law enforcement officials continue to make it difficult for refugees to enter the country, despite the fact that the refugees have no intention of staying in those countries long term. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Josef , Isabel , and Mahmoud. Sadly, Josef does not survive his family's ordeal. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. His boat was shot at shortly after it left the shore, and soon he was back in Egypt. Empathy and Social Responsibility, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Mahmoud again shows his maturity and leadership in the face of trauma and hardship when he leads the refugees on their walk to Austria. The major conflict in Josef's storyline is that he wants to keep his family safe from the Nazis but doesn't know how to escape their influence. 1, A Qualitative Examination of the Psychosocial Adjustment of Khmer Refugees in Three Massachusetts Communities, Leakhena Nou, California State UniversityFollow. We can hear them talking about how important it is to return to their The hand that will break the unity of the people and their safety, security and stability will be cut off from its arm, he added. Not affiliated with Harvard College. Germany 1939, 1 day Isabel: Havana, Cuba 1994 Mahmoud: Aleppo symbols, characters, and more. Share. > Teachers and parents! Check out our detailed character descriptions. Alan Gratz, Refugee. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. Padron tells Josef and his mother that Landau has been sedated and is recovering in a Cuban hospital. The heavily built-up area is still known as a refugee camp because it is populated mainly by Palestinian families who sought refuge there during the wars in the late 1940s that surrounded the creation of the state of Israel. Libraries Sorry, this is only a short answer space. The protagonists of the three separate storylines are Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud. Click the card to flip . To add to the realism of the scene, Gratz details how each apartment, though the same in layout, bears decor unique to the now-displaced occupants. Josef's journey is he and his family had to escape Nazi Germany. To arrive by air, he had to borrow aircraft from the Jordanian government and secure permission from the Israeli military, which controls airspace over the West Bank. Struggling with distance learning? For Isabel, her "refugee" status comes about as a result of her family needing to flee Cuba after Fidel Castro's rise to power. When the loudspeakers were functional, Mr. Abbas tried to create an atmosphere of unity. The Mahmoud storyline reaches its climax when Mahmoud leads a procession of refugees from a guarded camp in Hungary to the unguarded Austrian border. Alan Gratz. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Complete your free account to request a guide. Skilled in policy analysis, negotiation, cross-cultural communication, management and leadership. Captured and sent back to Egypt, the young refugee from Syria is now Mahmoud begged. Isabel was trying to escape the hard Complete your free account to request a guide. Latest answer posted November 18, 2021 at 10:43:06 PM. Mahmoud watched as these two boys attacked the boy with the bread, a boy he didnt even know. Isabel gets a new trumpet to replace the one that she had to trade for her family's passage on the boat out of Cuba. From 2000 - 2012, he served as Project PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and Although the central themes of Refugee are explored in the context of each childs individual story, one general theme cuts across all three storylines. WebAnalysis What is the resolution for Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud in Refugee? WebExperienced former Diplomat with a demonstrated history of working in the international affairs sector in the Middle East, Africa and North America. More books than SparkNotes. In Kilis, Turkey, Mahmoud observes people celebrating a wedding at the refugee camp. The tone is contemplative and matter-of-fact; the mood shifts between hope and despair, and anxiety and relief. WebIntro Plot Summary & Analysis Themes Quotes Characters Terms Symbols Theme Viz Teachers and parents! Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. After much trauma at sea, Isabel and her family arrive in Miami and are able to settle and get on their feet. What are the key symbols, motifs, and themes in Refugee? Gratz writes: "CRACK! Print Word PDF. Similarly, Mahmoud and his family are told "tomorrow" every day they wait for a smuggler to bring them from Turkey to Lesbos. The author of the article focuses on what it was like for Mahmoud and his family as they made their way across Europe. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. A Palestinian woman in the Jenin camp watching Mr. Abbass visit. It was as though the storm had been some kind of feverish nightmare. WebMahmoud. Instant PDF downloads. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. A safe, normal life seemed like an impossible dream, then Sweden stepped up and offered Mahmoud and his family asylum. Escorted by a German relief worker, Mahmouds family arrives at their home and are greeted by an elderly German man and woman. Injustice and Cruelty vs. The authoritys troops were also filmed on Wednesday blocking an Israeli military convoy from entering the city a scene so rare that many wondered on social media whether it had been staged. Refugee Theme Wheel Data Visualization | LitCharts Germany 1939, 1 day Isabel: Havana, Cuba 1994 Mahmoud: Aleppo symbols, characters, and more. Mahmoud sees a Greek Coast Guard ship searching for them and raises a signal. 1, What is a conflict in the book Refugee by Alan Gratz? Josef: Havana Harbor 1939, 18 days (2) Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. In Refugee, what is the climax of Mahmoud's story The right way is resistance. Isabel: Off the Coast of Florida1994 Mahmoud: Berlin, Gratz writes of her difficulty counting the clave. The Question and Answer section for Refugee is a great They wash their hands and pray facing Mecca, praising God and reciting from the Quran. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. In December, I finished reading Refugee by Alan Gratz. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. The Isabel storyline reaches its climax when Lito jumps ship to distract the US Coast Guard, enabling Isabel and the others to paddle to the Miami shore and achieve refugee status. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as Web11. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. In all three storylines, families are displaced through circumstances beyond their control. Symptoms and reactions associated with underlying causes of mental health problems had culturally specific relevance to physical illness and mental health. PDF downloads of all 1752 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Nou, Leakhena Refugee: Theme Wheel. Mahmouds father. WebNeed help with Isabel: Just Outside Havana, Cuba 1994 (2) in Alan Gratz's Refugee? Instant downloads of all 1752 LitChart PDFs Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Translating to "key," clave is a rhythmic pattern at the core of many Cuban musical styles. Web1) Isabel heard people chanting " Down with Fidel." With the threat of concentration camps looming, he and his family board a ship bound for the other side of the world Isabel is a Cuban girl in 1994. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, Refugee: The Question and Answer section for Refugee is a great Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Alan Gratz, Refugee. A convoy carrying Mr. Abbas leaving the neighborhood known as the Jenin refugee camp. DOI: 10.7771/2153-8999.1001 While Mahmoud was studying their apartment building was bombed either by the syryan milliatary or isis. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Available at: The Question and Answer section for Refugee is a great His He has a mother, a father, a younger brother, and a baby sister. For Isabel, the resolution is arriving in Miami and receiving a new trumpet. Captured and sent back to Egypt, the young refugee from Syria is now making a fresh start in Sweden. 101 - 150. Palestinian security officers patrolled the Jenin camp during Mr. Abbass visit. > Mahmoud thinks this to himself when he and his brother see the neighborhood bullies. GradeSaver, 18 May 2023 Web. WebMahmoud Bishara is a 12-year-old boy from Aleppo, Syria who lives in 2015 in the book Refugee. While performing, she discovers the clave rhythm, which has "followed" her to her new home. Isabel: Outside Havana, Cuba 1994 (1) Quotes. Two police officers attending the speech fainted in the heat, as temperatures neared 100 degrees Fahrenheit. WebHe sobbed with the effort of fighting off the mans fingers and hanging onto the dinghy. This character is loving and compassionate, often seeking to comfort his little brother in traumatic times. After many trials and tribulations, in a car, on foot, aboard a flimsy dinghy, and in a Hungarian refugee camp, Mahmoud and his family eventually reach Germany and are granted asylum. author. I see no evidence that marks the color of Mahmoud's hoodie. Compare the experience of Mahmouds family to one described in article. WebIsabel: Just outside Havana, Cuba1994 Isabel: The Straits of Florida, Somewhere North of Cuba1994. Were not criminals! one of the other men in the cell yelled at him. BANG! Mahmoud's family spends hours treading water after the smugglers' rubber watercraft capsizes. Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud all endure hellish ordeals as a result of the need to leave their home country and seek safety elsewhere. More about Hiba Yazbek, A version of this article appears in print on, Palestinian Leader Visits City Israel Raided, Trying to Signal Strength, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/12/world/middleeast/mahmoud-abbas-jenin-israel-palestinian-authority.html. Instant PDF downloads. One mission in common: ESCAPE. Share. That soundit was like someone had kicked the front door in." When Mahmoud and his family were crossing the Aegean Sea, they fell off their dinghy, a