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[86] In the late 18th century, Rigas Feraios, the first revolutionary to envision an independent Greek state, published a series of documents relating to Greek independence, including but not limited to a national anthem and the first detailed map of Greece, in Vienna. What are the situations in each of their lives that force them to flee? It uses some flavorings more often than other Mediterranean cuisines: oregano, mint, garlic, onion, dill and bay laurel leaves. Fatima continues to go from tent to tent, asking about Hana. [245] In addition, being a member of the Eurozone, the country had essentially no autonomous monetary policy flexibility. PDF downloads of all 1752 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. WebRefugee chapters 1-27 study guide. [166] It had a 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 6.6/10, ranking it 70th globally out of 172 countries.[167]. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." Mahmoud 6, and his sisters, Aicha 4, and Hala 2, sit down for a snack prepared by their mother at home. Greece is a unitary parliamentary republic, and a developed country, with an advanced high-income economy. It is estimated that after the population exchanges of 1923, Macedonia had 200,000 to 400,000 Slavic speakers. [c][134] Greece became the tenth member of the European Communities (subsequently subsumed by the European Union) on 1 January 1981, ushering in a period of sustained growth. [64], The Byzantine recovery of lost provinces began toward the end of the 8th century and most of the Greek peninsula came under imperial control again, in stages, during the 9th century. [188] However, he was defeated in the July 2019 general election by Kyriakos Mitsotakis who leads New Democracy. Greece's post-compulsory secondary education consists of two school types: unified upper secondary schools ( , Genik Lykei) and technicalvocational educational schools ( , "TEE"). Mahmoud and his family encounter unimaginable hardships as they travel through Turkey, Greece, Macedonia, Serbia, and Hungary on their way to their destination. Maritime connections have been improved with modern high-speed craft, including hydrofoils and catamarans. (eds), record economic growth from 1950 through the 1970s, Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of the city, Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes, Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization, Population exchange between Greece and Turkey, numerous atrocities, mass executions, and wholesale slaughter of civilians and destruction of towns and villages, Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests, Turkish challenges to Greek sovereignty rights, Organisation internationale de la francophonie, prefectures and prefecture-level administrations, United Nations World Tourism Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Thessaloniki Science Center and Technology Museum, Global Monitoring for Environment and Security, National Centre of Scientific Research "Demokritos", population transfer based on cultural and religious identity, International Church of the Foursquare Gospel, illegal immigrants trying to enter the EU, Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Centre, population exchange between Greece and Turkey, Assumption or Dormition of the Holy Virgin, "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe", "Announcement of the results of the 2011 Population Census for the Resident Population", "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023", "Apidima Cave fossils provide earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia", https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anthro.2019.102743, "Franchthi Cave revisited: the age of the Aurignacian in south-eastern Europe", "Writings from the Ancient World: The Ahhiyawa Texts", "The Kingdom of Mycenae: A Great Kingdom in the Late Bronze Age Aegean", "The growth of Greek cities in the first millennium BC", "Greece During the Byzantine Period: Byzantine recovery", "Greece During the Byzantine Period: Results of the Fourth Crusade", "Greece During the Byzantine Period: The islands", "Greece During the Byzantine Period: Serbian and Ottoman advances", "Greece During the Byzantine Period: The Peloponnese advances", "La famiglia nell'economia europea, secc. Pindus is characterised by its high, steep peaks, often dissected by numerous canyons and a variety of other karstic landscapes. The Greek crisis was triggered by the turmoil of the 20072009 Great Recession, which caused Greece's GDP to contract by around 2.5% in 2009. WebJall al-Dn Muammad Rm ( Persian: ), or simply Rumi (30 September 1207 17 December 1273), was a 13th-century Persian poet, Hanafi faqih, Islamic You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. [123] In 1935, a royalist general-turned-politician Georgios Kondylis took power after a coup d'tat and abolished the republic, holding a rigged referendum, after which King George II returned to Greece and was restored to the throne. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Cacoyannis also directed Zorba the Greek with Anthony Quinn which received Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Film nominations. Significant directors include Dimitris Rontiris, Alexis Minotis and Karolos Koun. Sara first learned about the slambey Centre from a community outreach worker who was going door to door in their neighbourhood. 25 March, the day of Annunciation, was chosen as the anniversary of the Greek War of Independence to reinforce the link between Greek identity and Orthodoxy. In the book, Refugee, when Josef and his father went to the professor's funeral, what did Josef notice about the passengers' clothing? The goal of the Early Childhood Education (ECE) Programme is to ensure Syrian children acquire the education, hygiene, language and social skills needed for them to thrive in school, said Derya Dostlar, an education specialist for UNICEF Turkey.. [169][170] Women's suffrage was guaranteed with an amendment to the 1952 Constitution. Alan Gratz, Refugee. Though it can support the navy during wartime, it resides under the authority of the Ministry of Shipping. The sound stunned Isabel and the others into stillness. C. Auschwitz. [104] Religious reform also took place, and the Church of Greece was established as Greece's national church, although Otto remained a Catholic. 1 pt. Byzantine Emperor Leo III moved the border of the Patriarchate of Constantinople westward and northward in the 8th century. ", "How Europe's governments have enronized their debts", "Greece Paid Goldman $300 Million To Help It Hide Its Ballooning Debts", "Global Business: Wall St. Also, the tradition of wall painting in Greece goes back at least to the Minoan and Mycenaean Bronze Age, with the lavish fresco decoration of sites like Knossos, Tiryns and Mycenae. Samih Nasser sympathizes with Mahmouds familys struggle. The domestic top water polo leagues, Greek Men's Water Polo League and Greek Women's Water Polo League are considered amongst the top national leagues in European water polo, as its clubs have made significant success in European competitions. [47] The epics of Homer inspired the Aeneid of Virgil, and authors such as Seneca the younger wrote using Greek styles. Struggling with distance learning? [278] The country's merchant fleet ranks first in total tonnage (202million dwt),[225] fourth in total number of ships (at 3,150), first in both tankers and dry bulk carriers, fourth in the number of containers, and fifth in other ships. The first European institution described as a university was founded in fifth-century Constantinople and continued operating in various incarnations until the city's fall to the Ottomans in 1453. [84][85] On the other side, many Greeks were conscripted as Ottoman citizens to serve in the Ottoman army (and especially the Ottoman navy), while also the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, responsible for the Orthodox, remained in general loyal to the empire. All to know about deadly train crash", "New Democracy party wins landslide victory in Greek elections", "The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "UNITED NATIONS GROUP OF EXPERTS ON GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES: Working Paper No. [168] Parliamentary elections are held every four years, but the President of the Republic is obliged to dissolve the Parliament earlier on the proposal of the Cabinet, in view of dealing with a national issue of exceptional importance. [411] The Greek Super League is the highest professional football league in the country, comprising fourteen teams. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Another stressor affecting involuntary African migrants is separation from family members. From that time, the two major parties, New Democracy and PASOK, experienced a sharp decline in popularity. [338][339][340] Hellenism refers to various religious movements that continue, revive, or reconstruct ancient Greek religious practices. WebSummary: Mahmoud / Kilis, Turkey-2015 / 2 days from home. Net migration started to show positive numbers from the 1970s, but until the beginning of the 1990s, the main influx was that of returning Greek migrants or of Pontic Greeks and others from Russia, Georgia, Turkey the Czech Republic, and elsewhere in the former Soviet Bloc. The other Greek gods that made up the Twelve Olympians were Ares, Poseidon, Athena, Demeter, Dionysus, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hephaestus, and Hermes. Greece was accepted into the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union on 19 June 2000, and in January 2001 adopted the euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachma to the Euro. Whether you were visible or invisible, it was all about how other people reacted to you. Mahmoud's family found the refugees walking to Turkey by. Greek basketball teams are the most successful in European basketball the last 25 years, having won 9 Euroleagues since the establishment of the modern era Euroleague Final Four format in 1988, while no other nation has won more than 4 Euroleague championships in this period. Mahmoud was just a baby when his family fled Aleppo six years ago. ", "Why Three Rescues Didn't Solve Greece's Debt Problem (Bloomberg)", "Will the IMF Apologize to Greece? [200], Additionally, due to its political and geographical proximity to Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa, Greece is a country of significant geostrategic importance, which it has leveraged to develop a regional policy to help promote peace and stability in the Balkans, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. [citation needed], Koutoukia are an underground restaurant common in Greece. Greece is the birthplace of the ancient Olympic Games, first recorded in 776 BC in Olympia, and hosted the modern Olympic Games twice, the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics. ", "Syriza's historic win puts Greece on collision course with Europe | Greece | The Guardian", "Greece exits final bailout successfully: ESM", "After the Prespa Agreement: Why North Macedonia's Accession to EU won't happen in the near future | stav mezinrodnch vztah - Expertise to impact", "New era as Mitsotakis is sworn in as Greece's new PM", "Greece swears in first female president", "Greek economy to slow in 2023 as energy costs, Ukraine war hit spending -OECD", "What Led to Europe's Deadliest Train Crash in a Decade", "What went wrong in Greece? 16 minutes ago by. While the new technique of polyphony was developing in the West, the Eastern Orthodox Church resisted any type of change. [68] During the Paleologi dynasty (12611453) a new era of Greek patriotism emerged accompanied by a turning back to ancient Greece. Waleed speaks up, saying that theyre against whoever is dropping the bombs on them. 151 - 181. [75] By the beginning of the 15th century, the Ottoman advance meant that Byzantine territory in Greece was limited mainly to its then-largest city, Thessaloniki, and the Peloponnese (Despotate of the Morea). [234] In 2009, after an election and change in government, it was revealed that Greece's budget deficit had for years been considerably higher than the officially reported figures. [91] Approximately three-quarters of the Chios' Greek population of 120,000 were killed, enslaved or died of disease. Later, during the period of Greek enlightenment (Diafotismos), writers such as Adamantios Korais and Rigas Feraios prepared with their works the Greek Revolution (18211830). Greece is today relatively homogeneous in linguistic terms, with a large majority of the native population using Greek as their first or only language. Because of the Syrian Civil War, it is very dangerous to even walk to and from school. Mahmouds story had a surprising ending because this old jewish lady (that turns out to be Ruthie) and her husband let Mahmouds family live in their house. [375], There were several interconnected traditions of painting in ancient Greece. Mahmoud and his classmates begin their lessons each morning in laughter and song, right foot, left foot, Im a choo choo train they exclaim. A French expeditionary force was dispatched to supervise the evacuation of the Egyptian army from the Peloponnese, while the Greeks proceeded to the captured part of Central Greece by 1828. Its unclear at this point whether or not Youssef and his family can really trust the Syrian boy. Flashcards. [14], The oldest remains of humans in Greece is a well-preserved skull of Homo heidelbergensis from Petralona Cave in Macedonia, dating to around 250300,000 years ago, though the estimates are highly uncertain. [67][full citation needed], Following the Fourth Crusade and the fall of Constantinople to the "Latins" in 1204, mainland Greece was split between the Greek Despotate of Epirus (a Byzantine successor state) and French rule[68] (known as the Frankokratia), while some islands came under Venetian rule. Apart from these 13 gods, the Greek pantheon was filled with dozens of other gods, demigods, and mortal and immortal beings which varied by local and over the evolution of Greek culture. Akis and Sia Armpatzianis had just sat down to dinner in a restaurant near their village in north-eastern Greece on a cold, foggy November evening when a Syrian family burst in, calling for help. A new Constitution in 1864 changed Greece's form of government from constitutional monarchy to the more democratic crowned republic. Home. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature and the European Environment Agency, the territory of Greece can be subdivided into six ecoregions: the Illyrian deciduous forests, Pindus Mountains mixed forests, Balkan mixed forests, Rhodope montane mixed forests, Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests, and Crete Mediterranean forests. -Graham S. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. [27][28], The end of the Dark Ages is traditionally dated to 776 BC, the year of the first Olympic Games. Nasseers story hints at the circular and interconnected nature of the novels storylines that becomes clearer by the books end. Railway connections play a somewhat lesser role in Greece than in many other European countries, but they too have also been expanded, with new suburban/commuter rail connections, serviced by Proastiakos around Athens, towards its airport, Kiato and Chalkida; around Thessaloniki, towards the cities of Larissa and Edessa; and around Patras. Since the 1980s, the road and rail network of Greece has been significantly modernised. [65][66] This process was facilitated by a large influx of Greeks from Sicily and Asia Minor to the Greek peninsula, while at the same time many Slavs were captured and re-settled in Asia Minor and the few that remained were assimilated. [16] However, this has been contested, with other authors suggesting the remains represent archaic humans. The short-lived republic that followed, beset by the ramifications of civil strife and the challenge of resettling the refugees from Turkey, came to an end in 1936, when the imposition of a royalist dictatorship inaugurated a long period of authoritarian rule, marked by military occupation during World War II, civil war and military dictatorship. [280] The basis of the modern Greek maritime industry was formed after World War II when Greek shipping businessmen were able to amass surplus ships sold to them by the U.S. government through the Ship Sales Act of the 1940s. Moreover, Greece maintains the Hellenic Coast Guard for law enforcement at sea, search and rescue, and port operations. [143] In March 2020, Greece's parliament elected a non-partisan candidate, Katerina Sakellaropoulou, as the first female President of Greece. [315] By 2016, the proportion of the population age 65 and older had risen to 20.68 percent, while the proportion of those aged 14 and younger declined to slightly below 14 percent. Kasimis, Charalambos; Kassimi, Chryssa (June 2004). The boats and ships in the story represent the characters hope and the potential to build a new life in a new country. In January 1829, Stamatis Voulgaris, a Greek engineer of the French army, presented the plan of the new city to the Governor Kapodistrias, who approved it. A week-long standoff ended with the Battle of Navarino (20 October 1827) which resulted in the destruction of the OttomanEgyptian fleet. The Pindus, a continuation of the Dinaric Alps, reaches a maximum elevation of 2,637m (8,652ft) at Mt. Most western philosophical traditions began in Ancient Greece in the 6th century BC. As a result of years of negotiation, the nascent Greek state was finally recognised under the London Protocol in 1830.[98]. His boat was shot at shortly after it left the shore, and soon he was back in Egypt. Significal dramatists include Vitsentzos Kornaros and Georgios Chortatzis. Syria in 2015, escaping the civil war Its economy is the second largest in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor. In their pursuit of order and proportion, the Greeks created an ideal of beauty that strongly influenced Western art. [110], Greeks in Crete continued to stage regular revolts, and in 1897, the Greek government under Theodoros Deligiannis, bowing to popular pressure, declared war on the Ottomans. Compare the stories of Josef, Isabel, and Mahmoud to others you have read about refugee children. WebRefugee Isabel: Havana, Cuba 1994 Summary & Analysis | LitCharts. [172], According to a 2016 report by the OECD, Greeks display a moderate level of civic participation compared to most other developed countries; voter turnout was 64 percent during recent elections, lower than the OECD average of 69 percent.[173]. Helped To Mask Debt Fueling Europe's Crisis", "Papandreou Faces Bond Rout as Budget Worsens, Workers Strike", "Britain's Deficit Third Worst in the World, Table", "Greek Debt To Reach 120.8 Pct of GDP in '10 Draft", "Greece Faces 'Unprecedented' Cuts as $159B Rescue Nears", "Lessons for Congress From the Chaos in Greece", "Greece exited recession in second quarter, says EU Commission", "Greek growth rates put Germany, eurozone to shame", "IMF 'to admit mistakes' in handling Greek debt crisis and bailout (The Guardian)", "For hard-hit Greeks, IMF mea culpa comes too late (Reuters)", "IMF admits disastrous love affair with the euro and apologises for the immolation of Greece (The Telegraph)", "Should other Eurozone programme countries worry about a reduced Greek primary surplus target? [147] In June 2023, conservative New Democracy party won the legislative election, meaning another four-year term as prime minister for Kyriakos Mitsotakis. What was the name of Renata and Evelyn's father? Empathy and Social Responsibility. [317] Other prominent cities with urban populations above 100,000 inhabitants include Patras, Heraklion, Larissa, Volos, Rhodes, Ioannina, Agrinio, Chania, and Chalcis.[318]. [364] By 2015, spending declined to 8.4% of GDP (compared with the EU average of 9.5%), a decline of one-fifth since 2010. The 25 March 1941 finds Greece in the peak of their heroic struggle and in the top of their glory. Isabel is 11 years old in 1994, growing up in Havana, Cuba, under Fidel Castros regime. Good and bad things happened either way. These states and their colonies reached great levels of prosperity that resulted in an unprecedented cultural boom, that of classical Greece, expressed in architecture, drama, science, mathematics and philosophy. In June 2022, the UN refugee agency, UNHCR, said that 15,149 Syrian refugees had voluntarily returned to Syria so far this year. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. According to the Framework Law (3549/2007), Public higher education "Highest Educational Institutions" ( , Antata Ekpaideytik Idrmata, "") consists of two parallel sectors:the university sector (Universities, Polytechnics, Fine Arts Schools, the Open University) and the Technological sector (Technological Education Institutions (TEI) and the School of Pedagogic and Technological Education). Read to see how you did? In 508 BC, Cleisthenes instituted the world's first democratic system of government in Athens.[32][33]. [145] On February 28, 2023, the collision of two trains in Tempi caused the death of 57 passengers and crew of the passenger train, which was heading for Thessaloniki and carried 350 passengers overall. Good and bad things happened either way. [125][citation not found] French general Charles de Gaulle was among those who praised the fierceness of the Greek resistance. [311], Greek society has changed rapidly over the last several decades, coinciding with the wider European trend of declining fertility and rapid aging. She told me more about the programme and invited me to come visit the school with my two boys and meet the teachers myself, Sara explains. (including. Through the intervention of the Great Powers, however, Greece lost only a little territory along the border to Turkey, while Crete was established as an autonomous state under Prince George of Greece. All Themes. [17] All three stages of the Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic) are represented in Greece, for example in the Franchthi Cave. [213] In terms of per capita income, Greece is ranked 41st or 47th in the world at $18,168 and $29,045 for nominal GDP and PPP respectively. Yet for Mahmoud, tomorrow carries a sense of despair in that they have to put off their journey and find a place to stay for the nighta task which proves very difficult. The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions, and has a population of approximately 10.5million. [270] 10% of the country's renewable energy comes from solar power,[271] while most comes from biomass and waste recycling. Partly due to the imposed austerity measures,[235] Greece experienced a 25% drop GDP between 2009 and 2015. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. The reason that Mahmoud's mother is filled with anxiety. Today they are only maintained by the older generations and are on the verge of extinction. [335] The Jehovah's Witnesses report having 28,874 active members.[336]. [275] Shipping remains one of the country's most important industries, accounting for 4.5 percent of GDP, employing about 160,000 people (4 percent of the workforce), and representing a third of the trade deficit. After the Greek Independence, the modern Greek architects tried to combine traditional Greek and Byzantine elements and motives with the western European movements and styles. To avert a sovereign default, Greece, the other Eurozone members, and the International Monetary Fund agreed on a rescue package which involved giving Greece an immediate 45 billion in loans, with additional funds to follow, totaling 110 billion. [49], Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenised East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries,[50] and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St. Paul) were mostly Greek-speaking, though generally not from Greece itself.