Nancy Caroline Ackiss, native of Virginia Beach, died peacefully on June 14, 2019, at Highland Ridge Rehabilitation Center in Dublin, Virginia, after a long battle with dementia. It vows to stay in Florida, Exclusive: Kroger and Albertsons CEOs give details on controversial $25 billion merger, Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information. Great stories and amazing art! Local carver Bill Johnson gave lessons to Spencer for several years at the de Witt Cottage. Santas can be enhanced with extras such as a toy bag or Christmas tree, according to ones imagination. They convinced him that wildfowl were an important part of the Chesapeake Bay estuary system. What is based on science astrology or astronomy? One such carver is guild member Gentry Childress, pictured above, a supporter of the wildfowl museum and organizer of the show. That is, First of all, I want to invite everyone back to the museum on September 7th 2021 for our first in, See below for the list of upcoming guild events! data download, $100,000+ View more income details with membership or
Its a lot harder to make a decoy look old than new, he said. The refuge is situated on a thin strip of coastline typical of barrier islands found along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. City Council also heard fromseveral other organizations that sought the cottage for varioususes; but, they voted to allow the Guild to occupy the cottage, a 20 year dream was about to be realized. All artwork needs to be 8 in x 10 in or larger. He also provides paint and carving tools, but some experienced carvers prefer to bring their own tools. Research and planning are the most important part of the decoy design process, Spencer said. I then sketch my patterns on paper and let them sit for a few days in order to ensure I am really happy with the look.. The Back Bay Wildfowl Guild is sponsoring the auction, which benefits the Atlantic Wildfowl Heritage Museum at the de Witt Cottage, 1113 Atlantic Ave. property. Did the Mayans know about the 13000 year cycle of the sun going through the center of the galaxy? makeover, at an estimated cost of $270,000 in cash and in-kind services. ``We're offering museum-quality merchandise here,'' said Bryant, who bought . In 1974, a group of local carvers formed the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild hoping to showcase the wildfowl art, carvings, artifacts, and photographs of our area. selling everything from duck decoys carved in Maine to postcards. The general partners exercise control over the management of the limited partnership's business. Our committee is excited! Holland, the People like to give them as gifts; people like to collect them for themselves, so yes, its one of the more popular ones, said Tiffany Cowell, cultural arts coordinator, Suffolk Department of Parks & Recreation. Available with membership or data download. 1113 Atlantic Avenue Everything is done by hand with no power tools except, perhaps, a blow dryer to hasten the paint drying. of the museum. Condolences should be sent in care of The Watson Family, 1161 Treetop Ridge Road, Blacksburg, VA 24060. Clay started helping his brother when he was in third grade. Contact Info Executive Officer Name and Phone Number. How Scientists find out Sirius was hotter than Deneb? Attendance for the show reached its maximum in 1988, when Dave Butz, a member of the Super Bowl Champion Washington Redskins appeared as a carving exibitor. This dataset includes all business entities registered with SCC.
the city's historic bird-hunting tradition. Soon he became the carver-in-residence, and an employee of its. Contact: Waverly Brown (215) 287-5318 Where is the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild in Virginia Bch Virginia located? Sometimes I dont even know its dinnertime.. You would need 4 to 5 pieces of gallery framed artwork, and ready to hang artwork. The property was acquired by the city of Virginia Beach and currently houses the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild. With the initial and subsequent successful annual festivals, they were convinced that one day the fruits of their labor would be realized in a waterfowl museum. The Atlantic Wildfowl Heritage Museum and Gift Shop are operated by the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild, whose members founded the endeavor. At the festival, the guilds best carvers, and about 50 from other places, will display and sell their duck hunting decoys, along with waterfowl art and other crafts. . A limited partnership, which is a type of partnership distinct from a general partnership, is formed by two or more persons with at least one general partner and one limited partner. Guild Mortgage Company; Equal Housing Opportunity; AZ BK #0018883; Licensed by the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation under the California Residential Mortgage Lending Act; MA Mortgage Lender License #MC3274; MA Mortgage Broker License #MC3274; Licensed by the Mississippi Department of Banking and Consumer Finance; Licensed by the N.J. Department of Banking and Insurance; NV . Clay credits his older brother for leading the production side. The last of the de Witt family moved from the cottage in the late 1980s. It is the state's central filing office for corporations, limited partnerships, limited liability companies and Uniform Commercial Code liens. Mission: Protect, Preserve, Promote and Provide Donate VISION: To be a passionate advocate for Coastal Virginia's environmental and conservation needs through the use of our core values. His working style decoys are carved using knives, spoke shaves, and rasps to help preserve the traditional way of decoy making at a time when the trend is toward power carving. Guild to use the cottage as a museum and headquarters. With memberships in the Daughters of the American Revolution, the U.S. Daughters of 1812, Daughters of the American Colonists, and United Daughters of the Confederacy, Nancy had an appreciation for her ancestral heritage and for the history of her Virginia home. Part of the agreement called for the Back Bay Wildfowl Now, instead of using decoys for hunting, many folks collect the wooden birds, both antique and new, and also carve them as a hobby. Spencers favorite bird was also his most complicated decorative decoy, a drake wood duck. Members of the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild have mentored the Tinkhams. A third wave of the coronavirus, the, 08/02, 09, 16, 23, 30 /2021: de Witt Garden Club 10:00 am, at the museum Meets every Monday Bring your, Duck Hunters could be shoulder to shoulder in many states due to Canadian Border Restrictions Things might get a, By martha davenport Its November and the Inaugural Gingerbread Extravaganza is underway. When a meteor hits the Earth it may form this? organization for local cultural, civic and charitable programs, agreed to take VIRGINIA BEACH Two local teens are among decoy artists featured at the Third Annual de Witt Cottage Auction on Saturday . The address of the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild is: 1113 Atlantic The following is a list of business types for different business activities. This dataset includes over one million business entities registered with the Clerk's Information System (CIS) of Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC). edward ned burgess 10/16/1868 10/13/1958 Born in Duck, NC and raised in Currituck County NC. Atlantic Wildfowl Heritage Museum, Home of the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild Virginia Beach Surf and Rescue American Music Festival Atlantic Coast Kite Festival Beach Events BeachStreetUSA Entertainment Virginia Arts Festival Our Partners We have selected these and other businesses in our area as our preferred partners. A past president of the wildfowl guild and a show committee member, Childress also is making signs for the event. To establish a credible presence in the community, the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild, contributed $10,000 (the largest single donation. Back Bay Wildfowl Guild Inc
In lieu of flowers, memorial gifts may be made in Nancys name to the Atlantic Wildfowl Heritage Museum, 1113 Atlantic Avenue Virginia Beach, VA 23451 (https://www.awhm.org). The agent office address is Tinkham Law Group PC, 500 E Main St Ste 405, Norfolk, Virginia 23510. They would also design, supervise and construct all exhibits.The Guild would assist the Virginia Beach Foundation with their effort to convert the 100 year old cottage into a waterfowl museum, gift shop and home for the Guild. Each business is registered with business name, principal address, mailing address, officer name, entity status, type and creation date. The house was restored in 1994 by the Virginia Beach Foundation and the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild and is now a wildfowl museum and on the National Register of Historic Places. It has been, Friends of the AWHM, As we move into September, I wanted to provide a brief update about where we are, Friends of the AWHM, I hope my note finds you well as we continue to navigate COVID-19 and its impact, NEW HISTORICAL ROAD MARKERS TO BE INSTALLED AT DEWITT COTTAGE. The city was undecided on the use of the building butpossibilities included a tea house, a Garden Club home, a homefor special guest of the city, or a second police precinct. The SCC is Virginia's central filing office for corporations, partnerships, limited liability companies and business trusts. Nonprofit Organization Information. The city assumes responsibility for the insurance and upkeep of the August 23, 1922 - December 24, 2022 John Archie Johnson, Jr. ("Archie") passed away surrounded by family on December 24, 2022 in Virginia Beach. said Bryant. This answer is: Preceding her in death are her parents, Mary Copenhaver and Henry Clay Ackiss. Childress, who carves standing up, said time goes by quickly. A curatorial committee was appointed by the board of directors of the Guild to develop a story line for the museum. Morrisons Santas are found in collections throughout the United States and in parts of Europe. It was originally organized in 1974 after FletcherBryant, Jim cook, Bill Dekker and Lee Scarborough came home from the Ward Foundation Museums World Carving Championships in Salisbury MD. Sit and talk to an expert carver at work in our Carvers Room. The charter members worked closely with the City of Virginia Beach to produce the first festival. Part of the deal called for the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild to use the cottage as a museum and headquarters. The Back Bay Wildfowl Guild Mission: To Protect, Preserve, Promote, and Provide. The entity was incorporated on February 27, 2004 in Virginia, effective from February 27, 2004. Site Designed and Maintained by Create/Captivate Digital Marketing. Why is it useful to classify stars according to their colors surface temperatures and spectral characteristics? Collectors Shelf: Lighthouse Club Chronicles. improvements and exhibits. Then I started to sand some of his decoys, and eventually I started carving and painting my own decoys.. What exactly is a Gingerbread Extravaganza? data download, $100,000+ View more revenue details with membership or
Students will be able to choose from among eight different Santa models to carve, Morrison said, including Santa wearing boots and trousers or Santa in a robe that extends to the floor. The majority of refuge marshlands are on . Members of the Wildfowl Guild are most proud of the budding blue ribbon winners, the Tinkham brothers. The city assumed responsibility for the insurance and upkeep of the property thereafter. The guild promised to The refuge was established in 1938 to protect and provide habitat for migrating and wintering waterfowl. children's books. Additional Information. The decoy, hand-carved by locals and used to lure birds within range of hunters, has become a symbol of the good old days. A professional corporation is a stock or nonstock corporation that is organized for the sole and specific purpose of rendering the professional service of pharmacists, optometrists, physical therapists, physical therapist assistants, practitioners of the healing arts, nurse practitioners, practitioners of the behavioral science professions, veterinarians, surgeons, dentists, architects, professional engineers, land surveyors, certified landscape architects, certified interior designers, public accountants, certified public accountants, attorneys-at-law, insurance consultants, audiologists, speech pathologists or clinical nurse specialists. Spencer tends to be the super-star carver in the family. Our break came in 1992 when an article appeared in the Virginian Pilot, stating that the deWitt cottage was being purchased by the City of Virginia Beach and the Virginia Beach Foundation was to be responsible for the renovation of the building. Its on display at the Ward Museum in Salisbury, Md., and was the winner of the Decorative Youth Ward World Championship in this year. He is a member of the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild and the Albemarle Craftsman's Guild and holds workshops throughout Virginia and North Carolina. Next weekend, the waterfowl guild will sponsor the 28th Virginia Beach Wildlife Festival, from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Saturday and 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Sunday at the Law Enforcement Training Academy (former Seatack Elementary School) off Birdneck Road. Vision: To be a passionate advocate for Coastal Virginias environmental and conservation needs through the use of our core values. Which planet is yellow cloudy and super hot?
Get swept away in the stories as you watch them craft their stunning works of art. 4 were here. Virginia Beach, VA 23451, 1113 Atlantic Avenue, Virginia Beach, VA 23451. Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge is located in the southeastern corner of the City of Virginia Beach. at the time) to the fund raising efforts of the Virginia Marine Science Museum. The Summerville Artist Guild welcomes new members! city's first mayor, who sold it in 1906 to Norfolk banker Cornelius DeWitt. Back Bay Wildfowl Guild, Inc. is a business registered with Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC), Clerk's Information System (CIS). Sunday, 10/16/2022 AWHM Fall Barbeque & Oyster Roast deWitt Cottage 1113, The de Witt Cottage, listed in the National Register of Historic Places, was built in 1895 by Bernard P. Holland,, The deWitt Cottage Garden Club has been hard at work and their efforts are paying some big dividends. data download. After many months of planning, renovating, stocking, and collecting exhibit materials the Guild had its dream come true; we have a home and museum. What is precession and What are some of its possible consequences? The show occuppied all of the Dome and spilled out onto the parking lot under several very large tents. Recently, 2 artists have sold paintings there. Ave, Virginia Bch, VA 23451-3503. What is it called when the moon lies between earth and the sun but does not block the light from reaching earth? Ned was a prolific, Can anyone guess what is happening in this picture? A limited liability company (LLC) is an unincorporated association of one or more members (the owners) who share in the profits and losses of the company's business. 1113 Atlantic Ave
The building had fallen into disrepair in the last decade and was placed on The business address is 1113 Atlantic Ave, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23451-3503. He completes a lot more birds each year than I do.. The Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge is the place that time simply left alone, and it's all yours to explore. In lieu of flowers, the family is requesting that donations be made to the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild in his honor. Some of the items are locally made. Protect the natural resources of Coastal Virginia; home to a variety of waterfowl.Preserve the oral, written, artistic history and legacy of waterfowl hunting and decoys throughout Coastal Virginia.Promote the education of conservation, history, and the arts through a variety of events and community partnerships.Provide a connection to the past and venue for collaboration and celebration. The address of the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild is: 1113 Atlantic Ave, Virginia Bch, VA 23451-3503. The shop will compete with an existing gift shop operated at the The Tinkham brothers started their own business, Dead Eye Decoys, about five years ago and have an 18-month waiting list for orders. The officers of the entity include James Mehne (Secretary), Philip Davenport (Vice President), Larry Davenport (Treasurer), Jason Seward (President) and Jason Seward. Stacy Parker covers Virginia Beach government, tourism and development. It is now home to the Atlantic Wildfowl Heritage Museum and the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild. 1113 Atlantic Ave, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23451-3503. Obviously, it is the ocean; but what are all those people, 02/01, 08, 15,22,2021: de Witt Garden Club 10:00 am, at the museum Meets every Monday Bring your work gloves and, On February 10, 2022. Already a carver, Childress refined his style by taking lessons from Charlie Seidel, the resident carver at the Virginia Aquarium. Whenever we visit the museum, they make us feel special.. Protect the natural resources of Coastal Virginia; home to a variety of waterfowl. Does the earth have warmer periods when the orbit is more elliptical? It is managed in accordance with an operating agreement by one or more members (member-managed) or by one or more managers (manager-managed). The Guild founded the Museum and is the driving force behind all of our environmental advocacy and protection. data download, View expense details with membership or
The event includes a raffle, silent auction and live auction featuring oil paintings, pictures of old Virginia Beach, themed gift baskets, decoys and more. A corporation is an artificial person or legal entity managed by a board of directors. operate it as a museum. She is also survived by her brother, Thomas L. Ackiss, her sister-in-law Ann, and her two nieces, Emily and Amanda. The museum portion of the Atlantic Wildfowl Heritage Center hasn't opened has stalled, setting back the museum opening date with each passing month, Life-Saving Museum of Virginia, at 24th Street and Oceanfront - plus a score all of it himself on a recent shopping tour that covered Pittsburgh and parts The interior is sheathed with beaded wooden boards. The birds flew so thick that sportsmen could use what was known as a punt gun and drop several hundred birds with only one shot. ILLUSTRATION: Staff photo by DAVID B. HOLLINGSWORTH, Fletcher Bryant plays with a puppet sold at the gift shop of the. Wildfowl Heritage Center and thus spur private donations to pay for All materials at Morrisons Santa carving class will be provided. Both shop and the museum are the responsibility of the Back Bay Wildfowl A business trust is an unincorporated association whose governing instrument, sometimes referred to as a declaration of trust, provides that one or more trustees will manage property or conduct for-profit business activities on behalf of one or more beneficial owners. Street and the Oceanfront, the shop was opened to help support the operations Fletcher Bryant, president of the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild, which manages the The Back Bay Wildfowl Guild moved in to the house in 1995 under the name Atlantic Wildfowl Heritage Center. For many years, she was deeply involved in the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild and celebrated and supported the rich cultural traditions of regional carvers, painters, and other artisans. Back Bay Wildfowl Guild Inc 1113 Atlantic Ave Virginia Beach, VA 23451-3503 . BIG NEWS: We are an Ocean Friendly Garden! On the return trip, they discussed the possibility of producing a similar type of show here in Virginia Beach to reflect the work of local artist, woodcarvers, and photographers. Guild, which already has established its headquarters in the historic The Norfolk Collegiate School students are products of the Back Bay Wildfowl Guild, which sponsors the auction each year. A $60 fee is required. His Santa and decoy workshops are open to all skill levels, ages 15 and up. title to the property and spearhead renovation work. I study photos in books, magazines and on the Internet for weeks before I even attempt to draw my patterns. Preserve the oral, written, artistic history and legacy of waterfowl hunting and decoys throughout Coastal Virginia. Today, the man who was a hunt club guide back when the bag limit was 25 Diverse habitats, including beachfront, freshwater marsh, dunes, shrub-scrub and upland forest are home to hundreds of species of birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals and fish. Condolences may be offered to the family at: www.hollomon-brown.com Published by . Back Bay was once known as a hunters paradise because so many ducks and geese wintered on its food-rich waters. Rubbing the decoy wood with vinegar and steel wool to age it, using a crackling medium to weather the paint and letting finished decoys roll around the surf to roughen the finish are among the tricks he uses to antique a decoy. The Back Bay National Wildlife Refuge is a 9,108-acre refuge that is made up of barrier islands, dunes, beach woodland, freshwater marshes, maritime forests, ponds and ocean beaches. 25 talking about this. The guild agreed to help the Virginia Beach Foundation raise funds to renovate the cottage and operate it as a museum. Back Bay is still a place where waterfowl spend the winter, but the numbers are limited, hunting restrictions are stiff and much of the area is protected by Back Bay and Mackay Island National Wildlife refuges. She was 74 years old. Once that work is This organization is an independent organization or an independent auxiliary (i.e., not affiliated with a National, Regional, or Geographic grouping of organizations). Nancy's family welcomes remembrances as they receive family and friends on June 22 from 3-5 PM at the Ackiss family home, 765 Princess Anne Road in Virginia Beach. The museum displays art and artifacts that document wildfowl migration in Eastern Virginia. The type of the entity is . The Virginia Open Data Portal serves to extend access to Commonwealth data empowering our constituents to interpret, analyze, and transform our data into actionable intelligence. It was renamed Atlantic Wildfowl Heritage Museum a few years later. Wiki User. Flowertown Knitting Guild is a guild for all crafters in Summerville, SC and the surrounding. For all Suffolk Art Gallery projects call 757-514-7284. 10% of all purchases is given to save injured wildfowl and protect critical environments. The Guild pledged $55,000 toward the renovation efforts of the Virginia Beach Foundation that proved to be the stimulus for the fund raising efforts. Nicely framed and with a wire on the back of the frame, remember you are selling it as one unit of sale. Jun 25, 2017 - My favorite is talking with the carvers while they are working. The business industry is 0 - General. Dave learned to carve decoys from his uncle. of Maryland. Wicked Salts Oysters & Little Neck Clams To Go. Entry fee is $15 and includes heavy hors doeuvres and cupcakes. Nancy had an abiding love for the outdoorsfrom the ocean to the mountainsand she especially loved spending time on the intercoastal waterways in Back Bay, regardless of the season. Atlantic Wildfowl Heritage Museum 2023 All Rights Reserved. After you are done being mesmerized by the craftsmanship of decoy carving, we highly encourage you to browse the many carvings available in our museum gift shop. He had been duck hunting since he was 8 and carved his first rig of black ducks when his family hunted Back Bay and the Eastern Shore. Though some of his decoys are brightly painted new decoys, most are antique-style ducks, Childress said. This led to the development of the Carvers Shack, a Guild funded exhibit depicting old working decoys being hand carved by our, now deceased brother, Charlie Seidel, who was the Museum Carver in residence for more than 30 years. Find company research, competitor information, contact details & financial data for Back Bay Wildfowl Guild, Inc. of Virginia Beach, VA. Get the latest business insights from Dun & Bradstreet. They then set out to grow their new organization into several hundred very talented artist, woodcarvers, and photographers. When the alignment of the Sun the Moon and the Earth produce a lunar eclipse the body that is between the other two is the? Shes a Virginia Beach native and a University of Maryland graduate who began her career in journalism as a teen correspondent for The Pilot years ago. The Back Bay Wildfowl Guild moved in to the house in 1995 under the name Atlantic Wildfowl Heritage Center. They include a large block of basswood which he purchases from a mill in North Carolina. 733, Arlington, Virginia 22202, 980 Ampthill Rd, Cartersville, Virginia 23027, 3413 Hixson Pike, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37415, 8433 Glazebrook Ave, Henrico, Virginia 23228, 3423 Piedmont Road Ne, Suite 335, Atlanta, Georgia 30305, 530 East Main Street, Charlottesville, Virginia 22902, Clerk's Information System (CIS) of Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC). Santas popular in November, too at Ed, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Santas popular in November, too at Ed Morrisons carving workshop, North Korea fires 2 short-range ballistic missiles after US submarine arrives in South Korea, FBI investigating death of intellectually disabled inmate at Smyth County prison, document shows, Biden administration sues Texas governor over Rio Grande buoy barrier thats meant to stop migrants, Butterfly waystation attracts pollinators to Great Bridge park, Built-in software death dates are sending thousands of schools Chromebooks to the recycling bin, A regular visit with your doctor is quickly becoming a thing of the past, How CU Buffs football coach Deion Sanders is changing Boulder, one menu at a time: The guy is unapologetically himself., State Farm Florida is now the states second-largest home insurer. the old cottage as a museum that would feature artifacts and crafts related to When the moon from the mighty boosh says that he licked the suns back when it passed by him in orbit once was he for real? With memberships in the Daughters of the American Revolution, the U.S. Daughters of 1812, Daughters of the American Colonists, and United Daughters of the Confederacy . Activity & Mission Description. property thereafter. Provide a connection to the past and venue for collaboration and celebration. More than 10,000 people attended that festival. Norfolk teen carvers give back to Beach museum, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), North Korea fires 2 short-range ballistic missiles after US submarine arrives in South Korea, FBI investigating death of intellectually disabled inmate at Smyth County prison, document shows, Biden administration sues Texas governor over Rio Grande buoy barrier thats meant to stop migrants, Butterfly waystation attracts pollinators to Great Bridge park, Built-in software death dates are sending thousands of schools Chromebooks to the recycling bin, A regular visit with your doctor is quickly becoming a thing of the past, How CU Buffs football coach Deion Sanders is changing Boulder, one menu at a time: The guy is unapologetically himself., State Farm Florida is now the states second-largest home insurer. There are two types of corporations in Virginia, stock corporations and nonstock corporations. The group elected Fletcher Bryant as its first president and decided to produce a show to raise funds in order to establish a waterfowl museum in Virginia Beach at sometime in the future. The registered business location is at 1113 Atlantic Ave, Virginia Beach, Virginia 23451-3503. www.mullinsfuneralhome.com, Share your thoughts and memories of Nancy. Back Bay is still a place where waterfowl spend the winter, but the numbers are limited, hunting restrictions are stiff and much of the area is protected by Back Bay and Mackay Island National Wildlife refuges. the surviving DeWitt sisters. Exhibiting and housing artifacts from our regions wildfowling history as well as contemporary wildfowl art and . Together, the guild and the Virginia Beach Foundation converted the 100 year old cottage into a waterfowl museum, gift shop, and home for the Guild. completed, the foundation is to turn over the title of the property to the 2014-06-25 10:59:09. The opening of the shop was designed to kick-start interest in the Atlantic Most of the sculptures he creates are either sold or given away as gifts, he said. The AtlanticWildfowl Heritage Museum andGift Shop are operated by the Back BayWildfowl Guild,whose members founded the endeavor. My approach to Santas duplicates what would have been available to country folks making toy dolls for children in bygone days, (using) basic knives and rasps, Morrison said. The information for each business includes business name, principal address, mailing address, officer name, entity status, type and creation date. Which heavely bodies play hide and seek during eclipse? Virginia State Corporation Commission (SCC) is regulatory agency whose authority encompasses utilities, insurance, state-chartered financial institutions, securities, retail franchising, and railroads.